Signal Transduction between the Chloroplast and the Nucleus

Surpin, Marci; Larkin, Robert M.; Chory, Joanne

doi:10.1105/tpc.010446

Cited by 205 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…These data indicate that the selective depletion of photosynthetic proteins in ppi1 most likely is caused by a differential effect of the mutation on the import of different preproteins. Consequent deficiencies in photosynthetic proteins would, in turn, be predicted to cause downregulated expression of the corresponding nuclear genes through retrograde signaling (Surpin et al, 2002;Jarvis, 2003). If we extend this argument to its logical conclusion, one might suppose that all of the genes that are downregulated in ppi1 encode preproteins that require atToc33 for their import into chloroplasts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expression of nuclear genes that encode chloroplast proteins is regulated in response to a variety of signals that emanate from plastids (Surpin et al, 2002;Jarvis, 2003). These retrograde signaling mechanisms ensure that nuclear gene expression is coupled with the needs of the cell's chloroplasts, so that the photosynthetic apparatus and other biosynthetic machineries are assembled in stoichiometric fashion.…”

Section: Expression Of Photosynthetic Genes Is Downregulated Specificmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Arabidopsisppi1Mutant Is Specifically Defective in the Expression, Chloroplast Import, and Accumulation of Photosynthetic Proteins[W]

et al. 2003

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The import of nucleus-encoded proteins into chloroplasts is mediated by translocon complexes in the envelope membranes. A component of the translocon in the outer envelope membrane, Toc34, is encoded in Arabidopsis by two homologous genes, atTOC33 and atTOC34 . Whereas atTOC34 displays relatively uniform expression throughout development, atTOC33 is strongly upregulated in rapidly growing, photosynthetic tissues. To understand the reason for the existence of these two related genes, we characterized the atTOC33 knockout mutant ppi1 . Immunoblotting and proteomics revealed that components of the photosynthetic apparatus are deficient in ppi1 chloroplasts and that nonphotosynthetic chloroplast proteins are unchanged or enriched slightly. Furthermore, DNA array analysis of 3292 transcripts revealed that photosynthetic genes are moderately, but specifically, downregulated in ppi1 . Proteome differences in ppi1 could be correlated with protein import rates: ppi1 chloroplasts imported the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit and 33-kD oxygen-evolving complex precursors at significantly reduced rates, but the import of a 50S ribosomal subunit precursor was largely unaffected. The ppi1 import defect occurred at the level of preprotein binding, which is consistent with a role for atToc33 during preprotein recognition. The data suggest that atToc33 is involved preferentially in the import of photosynthetic proteins and, by extension, that atToc34 is involved in the import of nonphotosynthetic chloroplast proteins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Expression Of Photosynthetic Genes Is Downregulated Specificmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arabidopsisppi1Mutant Is Specifically Defective in the Expression, Chloroplast Import, and Accumulation of Photosynthetic Proteins[W]

et al. 2003

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“…First, photo-oxidative damage due to the lack of carotenoids may have inhibited the expression of not only photosynthetic genes but also other genes involved in carotenoid and GA biosynthesis pathways. It is reported that expression of nuclear-encoded photosynthetic genes could be inhibited through at least three signaling pathways based on the developmental status of the plastids [34]. Recently, an analysis on the Norflurazon-treated Arabidopsis seedlings using an 8200-EST microarray showed that expression of 182 genes was repressed by three-fold or more [35].…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Gene Expression Changes In the Pds3 Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of phytoene desaturase gene results in albino and dwarf phenotypes in Arabidopsis by impairing chlorophyll, carotenoid, and gibberellin biosynthesis

et al. 2007

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“…While the regulation of plastid-encoded proteins includes transcriptional (Pfannschmidt et al, 1999), posttranscriptional (Rochaix, 2001), translational (Choquet and Wollman, 2002) and post-translational (Vothknecht and Westhoff, 2001) mechanisms, the plastid-to-nucleus signalling (Barkan and Goldschmidt-Clermont, 2000;Surpin et al, 2002) involves transcriptional regulation of nuclear chloroplast genes (Gray et al, 2003;Pfannschmidt et al, 2003;Richly et al, 2003a). Nuclear transcriptional control of chloroplast functions concerns, among many others, plastid ribosomal proteins (Kurth et al, 2002), subunits of the photosystems (Kurth et al, 2002;Zhong and Burns, 2003), the Calvin cycle and amino acid biosynthesis (Kleffmann et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of 101 nuclear transcriptomes reveals 23 distinct regulons and their relationship to metabolism, chromosomal gene distribution and co-ordination of nuclear and plastid gene expression

Biehl¹,

Richly

Noutsos

et al. 2005

Gene

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Post-endosymbiotic evolution of the proto-chloroplast was characterized by gene transfer to the nucleus. Hence, most chloroplast proteins are nuclear-encoded and the regulation of chloroplast functions includes nuclear transcriptional control. The expression profiles of 3292 nuclear Arabidopsis genes, most of them encoding chloroplast proteins, were determined from 101 different conditions and have been deposited at the GEO database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) under GSE1160-GSE1260. The 1590 most-regulated genes fell into 23 distinct groups of co-regulated genes (regulons). Genes of some regulons are not evenly distributed among the five Arabidopsis chromosomes and pairs of adjacent, co-expressed genes exist. Except regulons 1 and 2, regulons are heterogeneous and consist of genes coding for proteins with different subcellular locations or contributing to several biochemical functions. This implies that different organelles and/or metabolic pathways are co-ordinated at the nuclear transcriptional level, and a prototype for this is regulon 12 which contains genes with functions in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as genes associated with transport or transcription. The co-expression of nuclear genes coding for subunits of the photosystems or encoding proteins involved in the transcription/translation of plastome genes (particularly ribosome polypeptides) (regulons 1 and 2, respectively) implies the existence of a novel mechanism that coordinates plastid and nuclear gene expression and involves nuclear control of plastid ribosome abundance. The co-regulation of genes for photosystem and plastid ribosome proteins escapes a previously described general control of nuclear chloroplast proteins imposed by a transcriptional master switch, highlighting a mode of transcriptional regulation of photosynthesis which is different compared to other chloroplast functions. From the evolutionary standpoint, the results provided indicate that functional integration of the proto-chloroplast into the eukaryotic cell was associated with the establishment of different layers of nuclear transcriptional control. D

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Signal Transduction between the Chloroplast and the Nucleus

Cited by 205 publications

References 70 publications

The Arabidopsisppi1Mutant Is Specifically Defective in the Expression, Chloroplast Import, and Accumulation of Photosynthetic Proteins[W]

The Arabidopsisppi1Mutant Is Specifically Defective in the Expression, Chloroplast Import, and Accumulation of Photosynthetic Proteins[W]

Disruption of phytoene desaturase gene results in albino and dwarf phenotypes in Arabidopsis by impairing chlorophyll, carotenoid, and gibberellin biosynthesis

Analysis of 101 nuclear transcriptomes reveals 23 distinct regulons and their relationship to metabolism, chromosomal gene distribution and co-ordination of nuclear and plastid gene expression

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