Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 as a therapeutic target for cancer and the tumor microenvironment

Kim, Byung Hak; Yi, Eun Hee; Ye, Sang Kyu

doi:10.1007/s12272-016-0795-8

Cited by 66 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…STAT3 activation has been documented in both solid and hematological malignancies [48,49]. It has been suggested that aberrant signaling of STAT3 is associated with different biological processes of tumor progression such as angiogenesis, cellular proliferation and survival of cells or inhibition of apoptosis leading to invasion and metastasis.…”

Section: Leptin Biology and Molecules Of Relevant Signal Transductmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential role of leptin in tumor invasion and metastasis

Ray

Cleary

2017

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews

100

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The adipocyte-released hormone-like cytokine/adipokine leptin behaves differently in obesity compared to its functions in the normal healthy state. In obese individuals, elevated leptin levels act as a pro-inflammatory adipokine and are associated with certain types of cancers. Further, a growing body of evidence suggests that higher circulating leptin concentrations and/or elevated expression of leptin receptors (Ob-R) in tumors may be poor prognostic factors. Although the underlying pathological mechanisms of leptin’s association with poor prognosis are not clear, leptin can impact the tumor microenvironment in several ways. For example, leptin is associated with a number of biological components that could lead to tumor cell invasion and distant metastasis. This includes interactions with carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, tumor promoting effects of infiltrating macrophages, activation of matrix metalloproteinases, transforming growth factor-β signaling, etc. Recent studies also have shown that leptin plays a role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, an important phenomenon for cancer cell migration and/or metastasis. Furthermore, leptin’s potentiating effects on insulin-like growth factor-I, epidermal growth factor receptor and HER2/neu have been reported. Regarding unfavorable prognosis, leptin has been shown to influence both adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Features of poor prognosis such as tumor invasion, lymph node involvement and distant metastasis have been recorded in several cancer types with higher levels of leptin and/or Ob-R. This review will describe the current scenario in a precise manner. In general, obesity indicates poor prognosis in cancer patients.

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Section: Leptin Biology and Molecules Of Relevant Signal Transductmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential role of leptin in tumor invasion and metastasis

Ray

Cleary

2017

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews

100

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“…Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), a member of the Stat family of transcription factors, is highly activated and expressed in several cancer types, and involved in several biological functions such as inflammation, proliferation, progression and metastasis in cancer [3-4]. Blockade of Stat3 has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed tumor formation [5, 6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blockade of Stat3 has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed tumor formation [5, 6]. Thus, targeting this signaling pathway could be a potential therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of cancer [3, 6, 7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Solamargine and Metformin Strengthens IGFBP1 Gene Expression Through Inactivation of Stat3 and Reciprocal Interaction Between FOXO3a and SP1

Tang

Zheng

et al. 2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Solamargine, one natural photochemical component from traditional plants, has been shown to have anti-cancers properties. We previously showed that solamargine inhibited the growth of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells through suppression of prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂) receptor EP4 gene and regulation of downstream signaling pathways. However, the detailed mechanism underlying this, especially in combination of metformin, a known AMPK activator, still remained to be determined. Methods: Cell viability was measured using a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and colorimetric 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) ELISA methods, respectively. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine the phosphorylation and protein expressions of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), SP1, forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP1). The expression of IGFBP1 mRNA was measured by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Silencing of FOXO3a and IGFBP1 were examined by siRNA procedures. Exogenously expression of SP1, FOXO3a, and IGFBP1 were carried out by transient transfection assays. The promoter activity of IGFBP1 was tested using Secrete-Pair^TM Dual Luminescence Assay Kit. A xenografted tumor model was used to further test the effect of solamargine in combining with metformin in vivo. Results: We further demonstrated that solamargine inhibited growth and induced cell cycle arrest in other NSCLC cell lines. Through mechanism-based approaches, we showed that solamargine decreased the phosphorylation of Stat3; In addition, solamargine induced FOXO3a, whereas reduced SP1 protein levels; all of which were abrogated in cells with overexpressed Stat3 gene. Interestingly, there is interaction between FOXO3a and SP1. Moreover, solamargine increased mRNA, protein expression and promoter activity of IGFBP1, which was not observed in cells with overexpressed SP1 or with silenced FOXO3a genes. Finally, ablation of IGFBP1 expression by siRNA blocked the effect of solamargine on cell growth inhibition. More importantly, there was a synergy of combination of solamargine and metformin. Similar findings were also observed in vivo. Conclusion: Our results show that solamargine increases IGFBP1 gene expression through inactivation of Stat3, followed by regulation and reciprocal interaction of FOXO3a and SP1 in vitro and in vivo. This ultimately leads to suppression of human lung cancer cell growth. Moreover, this is a synergy of solamargine in combination with metformin in this process. This study unravels a novel mechanism underlying the anti-lung cancer effects of solamargine in combination of metformin, and suggests a potential new lung cancer associated therapy.

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“…The NF-κB and Stat3 transcriptional factors are critical regulators in cell signalling and play an important role in inflammation- promoted cancers [34][35][36][37]. NF-κB and Stat3 activated by inflammation regulate transcription and expression of various genes, including genes involved in immune response, cell proliferation and apoptosis [38][39][40][41]. At normal physiological status, the activation of NF-κB and Stat3 is rigorously regulated, but this regulation is disrupted with abnormal activation in many cancers, resulting in overexpression of a series self-proliferation genes [39,[42][43][44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Pro-Inflammatory Response via Activated Macrophage-Mediated NF-κB and STAT3 Pathways in Gastric Cancer Cells

Zhou

Xia

Liu

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Chronic inflammation plays an important role in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer (GC). However, the role and relationship of activated macrophages with gastric mucous epithelium cells in initiating and maintaining the inflammatory process during gastric carcinogenesis remains unclear. Methods: The tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) density of gastric cancer was characterized by immunohistochemistry, and the relationship between macrophages and gastric epithelium cells was analysed using an in vitro culture system that imitates the inflammatory microenvironment. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). MTT assays, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and luciferase reporter assays were used to detect the effects of cell proliferation, as well as the NF-κB and STAT3 signalling pathways. Results: TAMs infiltrated with a high intensity in GC and were significantly correlated with histology grade (P = 0.012), metastasis (P = 0.001), TNM stage (P = 0.002), and poor prognosis in patients (PFS, P = 0.005; OS, P = 0.028). In addition, IL-6 and IL-8 were elevated in the serum of GC patients and significantly promoted the growth of GC. The exposure of BGC823 gastric cancer cells to a conditioned medium from LPS-treated D-THP-1 cells significantly induced the production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-8 (P< 0.01). LPS and LPS-treated D-THP-1-conditioned media promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation and triggered the significant activation of NF-κB and STAT3 with a concomitant degradation of IκBα and an increase in JAK2 phosphorylation (P < 0.05). Moreover, gastric cancer cells markedly expressed cell membrane LPS receptors, such as TLR1, TLR4, TLR6, CD14 and MD2. Conclusions: TAMs are closely associated with the growth of GC and prognosis in GC patients. GC cells may directly sustain and amplify the local pro-inflammatory response upon encountering activated macrophages and LPS via NF-κB and STAT3 signalling pathways, thereby promoting tumour progression.

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Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 as a therapeutic target for cancer and the tumor microenvironment

Cited by 66 publications

References 140 publications

The potential role of leptin in tumor invasion and metastasis

The potential role of leptin in tumor invasion and metastasis

Combination of Solamargine and Metformin Strengthens IGFBP1 Gene Expression Through Inactivation of Stat3 and Reciprocal Interaction Between FOXO3a and SP1

Induction of Pro-Inflammatory Response via Activated Macrophage-Mediated NF-κB and STAT3 Pathways in Gastric Cancer Cells

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