Signal Processing, Acoustics, and Psychoacoustics for High Quality Desktop Audio

Kyriakakis, Chris; Holman, Tomlinson; Lim, Jong-Soong; Hai, Hong; Neven, Hartmut

doi:10.1006/jvci.1998.0379

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Two kinds of approaches can be used to address this problem-the adaptive design and the robust design. An example of adaptive CCS with head-tracker was presented in the work of Kyriakakis et al 9,10 This approach dynamically adjusts the CCS filters by tracking the head position of the listener using optical or acoustical sensors. However, the approach has not been widely used because of the increased hardware and software complexity of the head tracker.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective and subjective analysis of effects of listening angle on crosstalk cancellation in spatial sound reproduction

Bai

Lee

2006

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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A comprehensive study was conducted to explore the effects of listening angle on crosstalk cancellation in spatial sound reproduction using two-channel stereo systems. The intention is to establish a sustainable configuration of crosstalk cancellation system (CCS) that best reconciles the separation performance and the robustness against lateral head movement, not only in theory but also in practice. Although crosstalk can in principle be suppressed using multichannel inverse filters, the CCS does not lend itself very well to practical application owing to the fact that the sweet spot is being so small. Among the parameters of loudspeaker deployment, span angle is a crucial factor that has a profound impact on the separation performance and sweet spot robustness achievable by the CCS. This paper seeks to pinpoint, from a more comprehensive perspective, the optimal listening angle that best reconciles the robustness and performance of the CCS. Two kinds of definitions of sweet spot are employed for assessment of robustness. In addition to the point source model, head related transfer functions (HRTF) are employed as the plant models in the simulation to emulate more practical localization scenarios such as the high-frequency head shadowing effect. Three span angles including 10, 60, and 120 deg are then compared via objective and subjective experiments. The Friedman test is applied to analyze the data of subjective experiments. The results indicate that not only the CCS performance but also the panning effect and head shadowing will dictate the overall performance and robustness. The 120-deg arrangement performs comparably well as the standard 60-deg arrangement, but is much better than the 10-deg arrangement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective and subjective analysis of effects of listening angle on crosstalk cancellation in spatial sound reproduction

Bai

Lee

2006

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…3, another way of approaching the problem is to minimize the sum of squared errors (instead of the mean squared error as in the LMS method) (18) The above equation can be rewritten in matrix notation as (19) in which is a rectangular Toeplitz matrix that can be easily derived from (18). The solution to (19) in the least-squares sense is (20) in which we denote the pseudoinverse of as . In general, (19) describes an overdetermined system for which in (20) can be written as (21) We denote which can be viewed as the time-averaged correlation matrix.…”

Section: B Least-squares Filter Design Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A prototype system that used a magnetic tracker and adjusted the HRTF filters based on the location of the listener was demonstrated by Gardner [17], [18]. A camera-based system that does not require the user to be tethered has been demonstrated for stereophonic reproduction [19], [20].…”

Section: Problem Specification: Headphone and Loudspeaker Renderingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While in our analysis we present the symmetric case to make the notation simpler, the methods that we propose are also valid for the nonsymmetric case. A video-based head-tracking algorithm has been developed in which the listener is tracked and the filters are computed in real time in response to changes in the listener's position [2], [19], [20]. The motivation behind the methods presented in this paper is the ability to achieve real-time performance so that the necessary filters can be calculated at each listener position.…”

Section: Problem Specification: Headphone and Loudspeaker Renderingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inverse filter design for immersive audio rendering over loudspeakers

Mouchtaris

Reveliotis

Kyriakakis

2000

IEEE Trans. Multimedia

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Immersive audio systems can be used to render virtual sound sources in three-dimensional (3-D) space around a listener. This is achieved by simulating the head-related transfer function (HRTF) amplitude and phase characteristics using digital filters. In this paper, we examine certain key signal processing considerations in spatial sound rendering over headphones and loudspeakers. We address the problem of crosstalk inherent in loudspeaker rendering and examine two methods for implementing crosstalk cancellation and loudspeaker frequency response inversion in real time. We demonstrate that it is possible to achieve crosstalk cancellation of 30 dB using both methods, but one of the two (the Fast RLS Transversal Filter Method) offers a significant advantage in terms of computational efficiency. Our analysis is easily extendable to nonsymmetric listening positions and moving listeners.Index Terms-Crosstalk cancellation, head-related transfer function, 3-D audio signal processing.

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“…Another example of binaural reproduction based on Wiener filters was reported by Kim and Wang, (Kim & Wang, 2003). Other approaches, although suited to a single listener, take advantage of the computational power of recent computers to incorporate video tracking systems that provide real-time information of the listener's position (with respect to the loudspeakers) to adjust the audio signals that should be delivered by the stereo loudspeakers in order to render a sound image at the recognized position, (examples: Gardner (1997); Kyriakakis et al (1998);Merchel & Groth (2009) ). Yet, there is another tendency of recent audio reproduction systems which is not limited to stereo channels but rather requires large numbers of collinearly arranged loudspeakers to provide audio spatialization to an specific audience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%