Signal molecules in systemic plant resistance to pathogens and pests

Enyedi, Alexander J.; Yalpani, Nasser; Silverman, Paul H.; Raskin, Ilya

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90239-9

Cited by 264 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…PR-1a is one of the best characterized defense-related genes expressed during SAR, and it is also known to be highly inducible by exogenous SA (for reviews, see Enyedi et al, 1992;Raskin, 1992a). In our experiments, the PR-1a gene was induced to high levels by SA ( Figure 3A, lanes 7 to 11).…”

Section: Effect Of Cycloheximide On Sa-lnduced Gene Activationmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…lncreases in salicylate levels have also been correlated to changes in gene expression. It has been well established that during infection by pathogens, a battery of proteins are induced, including the pathogenesis-related (PR) protein families, which are thought to play an active role in the defense process (reviewed in Enyedi et al, 1992;Raskin, 1992aRaskin, , 1992b. In TMVinfected tobacco, mRNA from the PR-1 gene was first apparent at 36 hr postinfection, a few hours after SA levels began to rise, and increased steadily between 48 and 72 hr (Malamy et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immediate early transcription activation by salicylic acid via the cauliflower mosaic virus as-1 element.

et al. 1994

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Transgenic tobacco plants carrying a number of regulatory sequences derived from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter were tested for their response to treatment with salicylic acid (SA), an endogenous signal involved in plant defense responses. PGlucuronidase (GUS) gene fusions with the full-length (-343 to +8) 35s promoter or the -90 truncation were found to be induced by SA. Time course experiments revealed that, in the continuous presence of SA, the -90 promoter construct (-90 35s-GOS) displayed rapid and transient induction kinetics, with maximum RNA levels at 1 to 4 hr, which declined to low levels by 24 hr. lnduction was still apparent in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX). Moreover, mRNA levels continued to accumulate over 24 hr rather than to decline. By contrast, mRNA from the endogenous pathogenesis-related protein-ia (PR-la) gene began to accumulate at later times during SA treatment and steadily increased thmugh 24 hr; transcription of this gene was almost completely blocked by the presence of CHX. Further dissection of the region from -90 and -46 of the 35s promoter revealed that the SAresponsive element corresponds to the previously characterized activation sequence-1 (as-í). These results represent a definitive analysis of immediate early responses to SA, relative to the late induction of PR genes, and potentially elucidate the early events of SA signal transduction during the plant defense response.

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Section: Effect Of Cycloheximide On Sa-lnduced Gene Activationmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate early transcription activation by salicylic acid via the cauliflower mosaic virus as-1 element.

et al. 1994

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“…Research into the possible systemic signals responsible for initiating acquired resistance has suggested salicylic acid (SA) to be a likely candidate. Exogenous application of SA induces PR protein gene expression in tobacco (Ward et aL, 1991), cucumber (Metraux et aL, 1990) and Arabidopsis thafiana (Uknes et al, 1993b); whilst endogenous SA levels rise locally around lesions following pathogen attack in tobacco (Malamy et al, 1990;Enyedi et aL, 1992), Arabidopsis thaliana (Uknes et al, 1993b) and also in cucumber, where SA levels were observed to rise in phloem exudates (Metraux et aL, 1990;Rasmussen et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compromising early salicylic acid accumulation delays the hypersensitive response and increases viral dispersal during lesion establishment in TMV‐infected tobacco

et al. 1997

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“…The HR is a correlative feature of many but not all incompatible interactions controlled by classic disease resistance (R) genes (Dangl, 1995;Staskawicz et al, 1995; see also Bent, 1996, in this issue). A local HR is often associated with the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR; Chester, 1933;Enyedi et al, 1992;Ryals et al, 1994Ryals et al, , 1996, in this issue) in dista1 plant tissues. In addition, sites of the HR are invariably focal points for transcriptional induction of plant defense genes in neighboring cells (Somssich et al, 1988;Schmelzer et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%