Sigatoka Leaf Spots of Bananas and

Stover, R. H.

doi:10.1094/pd-64-750

Cited by 96 publications

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“…In 1972, black Sigatoka was the name given by fieldworkers to describe M. fijiensis var. difformis in Honduras (Stover 1980), which was later shown to be morphologically indistinct from M. fijiensis (Pons 1990). The names black Sigatoka and black leaf streak are now used worldwide.…”

Section: Mycosphaerella Fijiensis (Causing Black Sigatoka)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Germination is highly dependant on moisture and temperature; stomatal penetration by germ tubes occurs when temperatures are above 20 • C for 2-3 days and moisture is at near 100% relative humidity (Stover 1980). M. musicola and M. fijiensis differ in their requirements for moisture during germination: M. musicola requires a film of free water for conidial germination (Leach 1946;Stahel 1937) and 95% relative humidity for ascospore germination (Brun 1963) whereas M. fijiensis requires high relative humidity (92-100%) for conidial germination and free water for ascospore germination (Jacome and Schuh 1992;Jacome et al 1991).…”

Section: Spore Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conidial production in M. fijiensis occurs at an early stage of lesion development, at stage 2 of the disease cycle (Fouré 1987), and primarily on the lower leaf surface. Smaller quantities of conidia are produced on susceptible cultivars by M. fijiensis than M. musicola, and are borne on single or small groups of conidiophores (Stover 1980). Unlike the seasonal production of ascospores in M. musicola, abundant production of M. fijiensis ascospores has been observed all year round by Meredith et al (1973) and Fouré (1987).…”

Section: Spore Production and Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The release of M. musicola conidia from the sporodochia requires the presence of water as rain or dew, or may be achieved by buffeting in high winds (Leach 1946). The conidia of M. fijiensis, however, are easily dislodged by wind (Stover 1980). Both species require rain or free water for the ejection of ascospores from perithecia (Stover 1980).…”

Section: Spore Production and Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Black Sigatoka disease: new technologies to strengthen eradication strategies in Australia

Jm¹,

Pattemore²,

Porchun³

et al. 2006

Austral. Plant Pathol.

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Abstract. In 2001, an incursion of Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the causal agent of black Sigatoka, was detected in Australia's largest commercial banana growing region, the Tully Banana Production Area in North Queensland. An intensive surveillance and eradication campaign was undertaken which resulted in the reinstatement of the disease-free status for black Sigatoka in 2005. This was the first time black Sigatoka had ever been eradicated from commercial plantations. The success of the eradication campaign was testament to good working relationships between scientists, growers, crop monitors, quarantine regulatory bodies and industry. A key contributing factor to the success was the deployment of a PCR-based molecular diagnostic assay, developed by the Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Plant Protection (CRCTPP). This assay complemented morphological identification and allowed high throughput diagnosis of samples facilitating rapid decision-making during the eradication campaign. This paper describes the development and successful deployment of molecular diagnostics for black Sigatoka. Shortcomings in the gel-based assay are discussed and the advantages of highly specific real-time PCR assays, capable of differentiating between Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Mycosphaerella musicola and Mycosphaerella eumusae are outlined. Real-time assays may provide a powerful diagnostic tool for applications in surveillance, disease forecasting and resistance testing for Sigatoka leaf spot diseases.

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Section: Mycosphaerella Fijiensis (Causing Black Sigatoka)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spore Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spore Production and Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spore Production and Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Black Sigatoka disease: new technologies to strengthen eradication strategies in Australia

Jm¹,

Pattemore²,

Porchun³

et al. 2006

Austral. Plant Pathol.

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“…Vários estudos objetivando a obtenção de condições favoráveis a esses processos fisiológicos envolvendo espécies de Cercospora foram realizados por diferentes pesquisadores, entre eles, Stavely & Nimmo (1969), Silva et al (1988), Del Peloso et al (1989, Queiroz & Menezes (1993), Ribeiro et al (1997), principalmente enfatizando o efeito da nutrição e do ambiente. Com relação a P. musae, são encontrados na literatura os trabalhos de Dantas (1948), Stover (1965Stover ( , 1970Stover ( , 1971Stover ( , 1976Stover ( , 1980Stover ( e 1983, Simmonds (1959) e Wardlaw (1972. Neste sentido, a obtenção de condições ótimas para o crescimento e reprodução de P. musae em meios artificiais constitui um pré-requisito importante, facilitando a realização de vários estudos, relacionados com a biologia, genética e bioquímica do fungo, de modo a fornecer subsídios básicos para o entendimento da relação patógeno-hospedeiro como, também, para produção de conídios em quantidade suficiente, para inoculação de plantas visando a seleção de genótipos resistentes a doença.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Caracterização patogênica, fisiológica e morfológica de Pseudocercospora musae

Rosa

Menezes

2001

Fitopatol. bras.

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RESUMOAs características patogênicas, fisiológicas e morfológicas de oito isolados de Pseudocercospora musae foram estudadas objetivando sua diferenciação. Para determinação da patogenicidade, os isolados foram inoculados em folhas de bananeira (Musa spp.) através de dois métodos: com e sem ferimento. Em ambos os casos, foram utilizados discos de micélio (4 mm de diâmetro), retirados de colônias jovens de cada um dos isolados. Maior eficiência na reprodução dos sintomas foi observada no método por ferimento, onde todos os isolados mostraram-se patogênicos, enquanto no sem ferimento, somente os isolados P-2 e P-4 apresentaram habilidade para penetrar e colonizar o tecido hospedeiro. Para a caracterização fisiológica, foi estudado o comportamento dos isolados em seis meios de cultura (BDA, V-8, leite de côco, Czapek, maltose-peptona e aveia) e três níveis de pH (4,5; 5,5 e 6,5), durante o período de incubação de sete dias, a temperatura de 25 °C e em condições de alternância luminosa. Leite de coco, BDA e aveia induziram maior crescimento micelial, enquanto que BDA, maltose-peptona, V-8 e Czapek, maior produção de conídios. Os isolados de P. musae cresceram melhor em pH 4,5 e a esporulação foi favorecida em pH 6,5, destacando-se o isolado P-1 em relação aos demais. As características culturais dos isolados mostraram pequena variação quanto a topografia, coloração e pigmentação da colônia, de acordo com o substrato e pH empregados. A caracterização morfológica revelou variação não significativa no tamanho e na relação comprimento/ largura dos isolados de P. musae.Palavras-chaves: Musa spp., patogenicidade, fisiologia, morfologia, Sigatoka amarela. ABSTRACT Pathogenic, physiological and morphological characterization of Pseudocercospora musaeThe pathogenic, physiological and morphological characterization of eight Pseudocercospora musae isolates were studied. To determine pathogenicity, the isolates were inoculated on banana (Musa spp.) leaves, using two methods. The most efficience in the reproduction of the symptoms was observed in the wound method where all isolates showed pathogenicity, while without wounds, only P-2 and P-4 isolates presented the ability to enter and colonize the host tissue. For the physiological characterization, the behavior of the eight isolates was studied in six culture media and three pH levels, during seven days of incubation at 25 °C, and alternated light. Coconut, potato dextrose agar, and oat media induced higher mycelial growth, while potato dextrose agar, MPA, V-8 juice and Czapek promoted higher production of conidia. The isolates of P. musae grew well at pH 4,5, and the sporulation was favoured at pH 6,5. The cultural characteristics of the isolates showed little variation in topography, coloration, and pigmentation of the colony, according to the medium and pH level used. The morphological characterization showed little, but not significant, variation in size and conidial length/width ratio. INTRODUÇÃOA Sigatoka amarela, também chamada Cercosporiose da bananeira ( Musa spp.), cu...

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Relationship between the Spray Droplet Density of Two Protectant Fungicides and the Germination ofMycosphaerella fijiensisAscospores on Banana Leaf Surfaces

Washington¹

1997

Pestic. Sci.

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The effect of fungicide spray droplet density (droplet cm‐2), droplet size, and proximity of the spray droplet deposit to fungal spores was investigated with Mycosphaerella fijiensis ascospores on the banana (Musa AAA) leaf surface for two contact fungicides: chlorothalonil and mancozeb. When droplet size was maintained at a volume median diameter (VMD) of 250 μm while total spray volume per hectare changed, M. fijiensis ascospore germination on the leaf surface fell below 1% for both fungicides at a droplet deposit density of 30 droplet cm‐2. At a droplet deposit density of 50 droplet cm‐2, no ascospores germinated in either fungicide treatment. When both droplet size and droplet cm‐2 varied while spray volume was fixed at 20 litre ha‐1, ascospore germination reached 0% at 10 droplet cm‐2 (VMD=602 μm) for both fungicides. At lower droplet densities (2–5 droplet cm‐2 VMD=989 μm and 804 μm respectively), ascospore germination on the mancozeb‐treated leaves was significantly lower than on the chlorothalonil‐treated leaves. The zone of inhibition surrounding a fungicide droplet deposit (VMD=250 μm) on the leaf surface was estimated to extend 1·02 mm beyond the visible edge of the spray droplet deposit for chlorothalonil and 1·29 mm for mancozeb. The efficacy of fungicide spray droplet deposit densities which are lower than currently recommended for low‐volume, aerial applications of protectant fungicides was confirmed in an analysis of leaf samples recovered after commercial applications in a banana plantation. Calibrating agricultural spray aircraft to deliver fungicide spray droplets with a mean droplet deposit density of 30 droplet cm‐2 and a VMD between 300 and 400 μm will probably reduce spray drift, increase deposition efficiency on crop foliage, and enhance disease control compared to aircraft calibrated to spray finer droplets. © 1997 SCI.

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Sigatoka Leaf Spots of Bananas and

Cited by 96 publications

References 0 publications

Black Sigatoka disease: new technologies to strengthen eradication strategies in Australia

Black Sigatoka disease: new technologies to strengthen eradication strategies in Australia

Caracterização patogênica, fisiológica e morfológica de Pseudocercospora musae

Relationship between the Spray Droplet Density of Two Protectant Fungicides and the Germination ofMycosphaerella fijiensisAscospores on Banana Leaf Surfaces

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