Sienese ‘Archaic’ Majolica: A Technological Study of Ceramic Bodies and Coatings*

Fortina, C.; Barbone, A. Santagostino; Memmi, I.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.2005.00218.x

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…By contrast, Papadopoulou et al 223 used a compact portable m-XRF spectrometer to characterise decorated sherds of Neolithic pottery from Polyplatanos, North Greece with a view to confirming origin and manufacturing techniques. Other studies of a similar nature include those of Fortina et al 224 (glazed ceramics from southern Tuscany), Wang et al 225 (porcelain sherds found at Shangdian and Lidipo sites and dated to the Kin Dynasty) and Wood et al 226 (Abbasid blue and white ware from Iraq), amongst others.…”

Section: Archaeological Cultural Heritage and Forensicmentioning

confidence: 83%

Atomic spectrometry update. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

West

Ellis²,

Kregsamer

et al. 2008

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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This annual review of X-ray fluorescence covers developments over the period 2007-2008 in instrumentation and detectors, matrix correction and spectrum analysis procedures, X-ray optics and micro-fluorescence, synchrotron XRF, TXRF, portable XRF and on-line applications as assessed from the published literature. The trend set in previous years continues with an increase in the number of papers published on applications for XRF, including sample preparation, geological, environmental, archaeological, forensic, biological, clinical, thin films, chemical state and speciation studies. Earlier literature has not been ignored in that some of Archimedes oldest writing, previously hidden from sight in a medieval prayer book has now been revealed thanks to the power of modern m-SRXRF. X-ray optics now benefit from the use of poly-capillaries systems, equipment portability has been extended to include the TXRF configuration and readers will find several papers on the use of both two and three dimensional imaging to support environmental, geological and biological studies. The writing team would welcome feedback from readers of this review and invite you to complete the Atomic Spectrometry Updates questionnaire on www.asureviews.org. 9 Applications 9.1 Sample preparation 9.2 Geological and industrial minerals 9.3 Environmental 9.3.1 Aerosols and particulates 9.3.2 Consequences of industrial activity 9.3.3 Other environmental studies 9.4 Archaeological, cultural heritage and forensic 9.5 Industrial 9.6 Clinical and biological 9.7 Thin films and coatings 9.8 Chemical state and speciation 10 Abbrevations 11 References

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Section: Archaeological Cultural Heritage and Forensicmentioning

confidence: 83%

Atomic spectrometry update. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

West

Ellis²,

Kregsamer

et al. 2008

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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show abstract

“…Samples from the ‘vetrina sparsa’ class, mainly characterized by a fine interface and small newly formed minerals, probably experienced short firing/cooling intervals (Molera et al . 2001); whereas those of the ‘invetriata grezza’ class, with a thicker interface and large newly formed minerals, may have experienced longer firing times and slower cooling rates (Fortina et al . 2005).…”

Section: Comparison and Discussion Of The ‘Vetrina Sparsa’ And ‘Invetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glazed Ceramic Manufacturing in Southern Tuscany (Italy): Evidence of Technological Continuity Throughout the Medieval Period (10th–14th Centuries)*

2007

Self Cite

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Archaeometric investigation allowed the characterization of two important classes of ceramics: 'vetrina sparsa' and 'invetriata grezza'. Their archaeological peculiarity makes them particularly suited for tracing the evolution of glaze manufacturing in southern Tuscany throughout the medieval period (10th-14th centuries). These ceramics were found in different sites of historical importance, and also from a mining perspective. Local copper, lead, zinc and iron mineralizations supported the growth of several settlements in the vicinity of the mines. The many castles and different archaeological finds (ceramics, glazed ceramic, slag etc.) attest to the intense mineral exploitation of the area from at least the first millennium BC up to the modern period. In light of these geological and archaeological characteristics, archaeometric investigation was intended to provide insight into ancient technical knowledge of ceramic glazing and to determine the source area for raw materials in the medieval period (10th-14th centuries). Ceramic bodies were analysed through OM, XRDp, SEM-EDS and XRF, while coatings were investigated through SEM-EDS. Mineralogical, petrographic and chemical analyses revealed slightly different preparation and firing processes for the two classes of ceramics. These data suggest the continuity through the centuries of the 'vetrina sparsa ' and 'invetriata grezza' production technology. The mineralogical phases, such as monazite, xenotime, zircon, barite, Ti oxide, ilmenite, titanite, tourmaline and ilvaite, and the lithic (intrusive and volcanic) fragments detected within the ceramic bodies suggest a source area in the vicinity of the Campiglia mining district. Lastly, the presence of Cu-Zn-Pb (Ag) and Fe sulphide mineralizations (materials used to produce glaze) in the area supports the hypothesis of local manufacture.

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“…In terms of ancient production, it is possible to imagine that beginning from the same clay with a suitable chemical composition, a coarse refinement and/ or a quick firing time could result in a matt effect of the gloss, whereas a fine refinement of the clay, and/or a longer firing time and/or different oxygen fugacity Enamels and glazes of Sienese archaic majolica 27,28 Fully understanding the production technology of this kind of coatings needs not only the chemical and textural study of the coatings but also the observation of the chemical and mineralogical reactions at the interface between the coating and the ceramic body. They are two completely different chemical systems and can easily react with each other, leading to the formation of new mineralogical phases.…”

Section: Archaeometric Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceramic coatings in ancient times: high technology surface modification technologies

Memmi

2013

Surface Engineering

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Ceramic coatings on ancient pottery, in particular black gloss, transparent glaze (first alkali based and then lead based) and opaque glaze (enamel) up to the lustre decoration, can be considered as the top technological skill of ancient ceramists. Indeed, their production demands the ceramist a thorough knowledge of pyrotechnology, including the ability to strictly control furnace atmosphere conditions. Several papers have dealt with the study of ceramic coatings, aiming to reconstruct the production technology and the modality of application and to define the relations between coating and ceramic body. These tasks are quite difficult to accomplish, also due to the very fine details of these surface layers. A multianalytical approach is therefore necessary, including conventional (scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry, electron probe microanalyser and Raman) and high resolution techniques (high resolution TEM, synchrotron radiation source based diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy). Two case studies on different ceramic coatings are presented: black gloss pottery from Northern Etruria and Sienese 'Archaic' majolica from Tuscany.

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Sienese ‘Archaic’ Majolica: A Technological Study of Ceramic Bodies and Coatings*

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Atomic spectrometry update. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Atomic spectrometry update. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Glazed Ceramic Manufacturing in Southern Tuscany (Italy): Evidence of Technological Continuity Throughout the Medieval Period (10th–14th Centuries)*

Ceramic coatings in ancient times: high technology surface modification technologies

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