Siderophores Produced by Magnaporthe grisea in the Presence and Absence of Iron

Antelo, Luís T.; Hof, Carolin; Welzel, Kai; Eisfeld, Katrin; Sterner, Olov; Anke, Heidrun

doi:10.1515/znc-2006-5-626

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Here, we demonstrate that the transcript abundance of the putative coprogen synthetase gene SSM2 was about 150-fold higher during iron depleted conditions in comparison to iron replete conditions (data not shown). This is consistent with our observation that no coprogens were detected in M. grisea culture supernatants when iron is available but that coprogens are easily detected under iron deficiency (Antelo et al, 2006). …”

Section: Gene Analysis and Expression Analysis Of Ssm2supporting

confidence: 93%

“…The siderophores used were from the substance collection of the Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung (IBWF). For iron depletion studies in liquid cultures, mycelia of M. grisea grown in CM were washed four times with Sundström minimal medium (MM) (Sundström, 1964;Antelo et al, 2006), transferred to Erlenmeyer flasks with Sundström MM and incubated with agitation (120 rpm) at 28°C. For iron uptake studies on solid medium (1.5% agar) a defined medium (DM) was used: 25 lg/l biotin, 10 g/l glucose, 6 g/l NaNO 3 , 0.5 g/l KCl, 0.5 g/l MgSO 4 , 1.5 g/l KH 2 PO 4 , 1.7 mg/l CoCl 2 Â 6H 2 O, 1.6 mg/l Cu-SO 4 Â 5H 2 O, Na 4 EDTA, 11 mg/l H 3 BO 3 , 5 mg/l MnCl 2 Â 4H 2 O, 1.5 mg/l Na 2 MoO 4 Â 2H 2 O, 22 mg/l ZnSO 4 Â 7H 2 O, 10 mg/l thiamine, 0.1 g/l adenine, arginine, cysteine, leucine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, uracil, glycerol, 0.05 g/l aspartic acid, histidine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, tyrosine, valine, pH 6.5.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…grisea uses coprogen, coprogen B, 2-N-methylcoprogen and 2-N-methylcoprogen B for iron uptake, with 2-N-methylcoprogen and coprogen being the predominant extracellular siderophores (Antelo et al, 2006). We previously showed that SSM1 encodes a NRPS responsible for the synthesis of ferricrocin, the sole intracellular siderophore produced by M. grisea, and that this gene is required for full virulence (Hof et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Siderophore synthesis in Magnaporthe grisea is essential for vegetative growth, conidiation and resistance to oxidative stress

Hof¹,

Eisfeld²,

Antelo³

et al. 2009

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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Section: Gene Analysis and Expression Analysis Of Ssm2supporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Siderophore synthesis in Magnaporthe grisea is essential for vegetative growth, conidiation and resistance to oxidative stress

Hof¹,

Eisfeld²,

Antelo³

et al. 2009

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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“…Siderophores are NRPs that mediate iron uptake and growth under iron-limiting conditions (Antelo et al, 2006;Haas et al, 2008). Addition of the iron chelator bathophenanthrolinedisulfonate to synthetic complete medium caused complete growth inhibition of the Dppt1 strains, but the wild-type strain and ectopic transformants were able to grow (Figure 2A, SCM + BPS).…”

Section: Complementation Of Yeast Mutant Dlys5 and 4'-phosphopantethementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extraction and analysis of siderophores were done as described (Antelo et al, 2006;Meister et al, 2007).…”

Section: Analysis Of Fungal Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sfp-Type 4′-Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase Is Indispensable for Fungal Pathogenicity

et al. 2009

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In filamentous fungi, Sfp-type 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTases) activate enzymes involved in primary (a-aminoadipate reductase [AAR]) and secondary (polyketide synthases and nonribosomal peptide synthetases) metabolism. We cloned the PPTase gene PPT1 of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola and generated PPTasedeficient mutants (Dppt1). Dppt1 strains were auxotrophic for Lys, unable to synthesize siderophores, hypersensitive to reactive oxygen species, and unable to synthesize polyketides (PKs). A differential analysis of secondary metabolites produced by wild-type and Dppt1 strains led to the identification of six novel PKs. Infection-related morphogenesis was affected in Dppt1 strains. Rarely formed appressoria of Dppt1 strains were nonmelanized and ruptured on intact plant. The hyphae of Dppt1 strains colonized wounded maize (Zea mays) leaves but failed to generate necrotic anthracnose disease symptoms and were defective in asexual sporulation. To analyze the pleiotropic pathogenicity phenotype, we generated AAR-deficient mutants (Daar1) and employed a melanin-deficient mutant (M1.502). Results indicated that PPT1 activates enzymes required at defined stages of infection. Melanization is required for cell wall rigidity and appressorium function, and Lys supplied by the AAR1 pathway is essential for necrotrophic development. As PPTase-deficient mutants of Magnaporthe oryzea were also nonpathogenic, we conclude that PPTases represent a novel fungal pathogenicity factor.

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Isolation and Characterisation of a Ferrirhodin Synthetase Gene from the Sugarcane Pathogen Fusarium sacchari

et al. 2013

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FSN1, a gene isolated from the sugar-cane pathogen Fusarium sacchari, encodes a 4707-residue nonribosomal peptide synthetase consisting of three complete adenylation, thiolation and condensation modules followed by two additional thiolation and condensation domain repeats. This structure is similar to that of ferricrocin synthetase, which makes a siderophore that is involved in intracellular iron storage in other filamentous fungi. Heterologous expression of FSN1 in Aspergillus oryzae resulted in the accumulation of a secreted metabolite that was identified as ferrirhodin. This siderophore was found to be present in both mycelium and culture filtrates of F. sacchari, whereas ferricrocin is found only in the mycelium, thus suggesting that ferricrocin is an intracellular storage siderophore in F. sacchari, whereas ferrirhodin is used for iron acquisition. To our knowledge, this is the first report to characterise a ferrirhodin synthetase gene functionally.

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Siderophores Produced by Magnaporthe grisea in the Presence and Absence of Iron

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Siderophore synthesis in Magnaporthe grisea is essential for vegetative growth, conidiation and resistance to oxidative stress

Siderophore synthesis in Magnaporthe grisea is essential for vegetative growth, conidiation and resistance to oxidative stress

Sfp-Type 4′-Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase Is Indispensable for Fungal Pathogenicity

Isolation and Characterisation of a Ferrirhodin Synthetase Gene from the Sugarcane Pathogen Fusarium sacchari

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