Siderophore production in pseudomonas SP. strain SP3 enhances iron acquisition in apple rootstock

Abstract

Aims:The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of siderophore-producing bacteria and bacterial siderophore on the iron nutrition of apple rootstocks under iron-deficient conditions. Methods and Results:We isolated three Pseudomonas strains, SP1, SP2 and SP3 from the rhizosphere of the Fe-efficient apple rootstocks using the chrome azurol S agar plate assay. We found that all three strains had the ability to secrete indole acetic acid-like compounds and siderophores, especially SP3. When Fe-inefficient rootstocks treated with SP3 were grown in alkaline soil, an increase in the biomass, root development, and Fe concentration was observed in the plants. In addition, SP3 secreted pyoverdine, a siderophore that can chelate Fe 3+ to enhance the bioavailability of Fe for plants. We purified the pyoverdine from the SP3 culture supernatant.Hydroponic experiments were conducted with a Fe-deficient solution supplemented with pyoverdine, resulting in a reduction in the chlorosis caused by Fe deficiency and marked improvement in Fe uptake.Conclusions: Under iron-deficient conditions, Pseudomonas sp. strain SP3 can effectively promote apple rootstock growth and improve plant iron nutrition by secreting siderophores that enhance Fe availability. Significance and Impact of the Study:This study showed that plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria from Fe-efficient plants have the potential to improve iron nutrition in Fe-inefficient plants, and Fe-siderophore chelates can be used as an effective source of iron for apple plants. Based on these findings, it may be possible to develop biological agents such as siderophore-producing bacteria for sustainable agricultural and horticultural production.

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“…External environmental factors also influenced the production of siderophore. Gao et al [ 45 ] purified the siderophorepyoverdine from Pseudomonas strain SP3, which reduced chlorosis caused by Fe deficiency in apple rootstocks.…”

Exploring the Biological Pathways of Siderophores and Their Multidisciplinary Applications: A Comprehensive Review

“…In recent years, with the deepening of the research on siderophores, more and more attention has been paid to siderophores secreted by microorganisms (Table 4 shows that the data come from the WOS core database). Gao et al [56] and Ghavami et al [57] found that iron-secreting microorganisms can increase the iron content of plants, as well as promote the absorption of other elements such as zinc and phosphorus [58]. Siderophores exhibit natural biocontrol properties by inhibiting the growth and reproduction of pathogens through iron ion sequestration, effectively suppressing disease propagation.…”

Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Sustainable Agricultural Production

“…These findings suggest that M. panacihumi has the potential to enhance the growth and health of P. ginseng and could be used to remediate heavy metal contamination in ginseng fields. In the study conducted by Gao et al [68], three Pseudomonas bacterial strains were evaluated, isolated from the rhizosphere of Fe-efficient apple rootstocks. Indole acetic acid-like substances and siderophores were found to be released by all three strains.…”