Siderite Concretions in the Copan Crinoid Lagerstatte (Upper Pennsylvanian, Oklahoma): Implications for Interpreting Taphonomic and Depositional Processes in Mudstone Successions

Thomka, James R.; Lewis, Ronald D.

doi:10.2110/palo.2012.p12-130r

Cited by 7 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…As revealed by the detailed studies of Brett et al . (,b), Thomka & Lewis () and Wilson & Brett (), among others, the origins of fossil‐rich CBs are better understood when the pathways that lead to their formation are split into distinct phases, including the biostratinomic and post‐burial (fossil diagenesis) processes. Figure summarizes the main taphonomic pathways experienced by the shells preserved within the fossil‐rich concretions of the Serra Alta Formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, as shown by El Albani et al . () and Thomka & Lewis (), carbonate concretions may hold key sedimentological information. In this context, our goal is threefold, as follows: (1) to determine the genetic links between the origin of fossil‐rich concretions and the depositional conditions associated with them; (2) to discuss the depositional and post‐depositional processes (i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The interplay between event and background sedimentation and the origin of fossil‐rich carbonate concretions: a case study in Permian rocks of the Paraná Basin, Brazil

Bondioli

Matos

Warren

et al. 2015

LET

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The Permian Serra Alta Formation was generated under transgressive conditions within a large, calm epeiric sea. A monotonous succession of ‘barren’, massive mudstones deposited under oxygen‐deficient conditions (mainly below storm wave base) is the main lithofacies of this unit. Fossils are generally rare and diluted in the matrix, but certain intervals contain shell‐rich concentrations with well‐preserved, closed articulated bivalves, mixed with shells and comminuted debris with variable quality of preservation, all encased in carbonate concretions. Two main scenarios may account for the origin of these bivalve‐rich concretions (i.e. unique events in sea‐water chemistry or unique burial‐starvation couplets). Sedimentological and taphonomic information indicates that the final deposition of the original shell‐rich mudstone intervals was probably tied to episodic influx of fine‐grained sediments in distal settings. Moderate bioturbation is also recorded suggesting low rates of sedimentation prior to early diagenesis. Hence, the fossil concentrations in concretions were formed due to the interplay of event and background sedimentation. These are internally simple concentrations with complex depositional histories. The concretion‐bearing beds are not randomly distributed in the Serra Alta Formation. Rather, they are found in the sparsely fossiliferous offshore deposits of the basal to intermediate portions of the unit. Thus, the concretionary mudstone beds and associated deposits are preserved in particular intervals and can be tracked for kilometres. This indicates that the conditions essential for concretion development existed only at particular stratigraphical intervals. Finally, our study strongly corroborates the idea that concretions are critical sources of sedimentological, taphonomic and stratigraphical information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

The interplay between event and background sedimentation and the origin of fossil‐rich carbonate concretions: a case study in Permian rocks of the Paraná Basin, Brazil

Bondioli

Matos

Warren

et al. 2015

LET

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“…However, whereas concretions incorporate material of the host sediment, nodules contain solely authigenic phases. Concretions are usually spherical or ellipsoidal, but also come as elongated, oblate, tubular, lobate, or irregular bodies (Coleman and Raiswell, 1995;Duck, 1995;Thomka and Lewis, 2013). The authigenic phases of concretions that cement the background sediment are composed of carbonate, phosphate, silica, sulfide, sulfate, and iron oxide minerals (Coleman et al, 1985;Mozley, 1996;Yli-Hemminki et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most common parageneses are carbonate concretions in clayey or sandy horizons, quartz or chert in limestones, and pyrite in black shales (Coleman et al, 1985;Sellés-Martínez, 1996), and the most common concretion-forming minerals are carbonates such as calcite, Mg-calcite, Fe-calcite, siderite, and dolomite (Siegel et al, 1987;Pye et al, 1990;Mozley, 1996). Concretion size varies from millimeters to meters, and estimated growth rates vary from tens to hundreds up to thousands of years for decimeter-sized concretions (Duck, 1995;Pratt, 2001;Thomka and Lewis, 2013). The growth of concretions of meter size is assumed to take millions of years (Sellés-Martínez, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The equilibrium model suggests that an entire volume of sediment is uniformly supersaturated in carbonate, and concretions form wherever appropriate nuclei are present (Coleman and Raiswell, 1995;Raiswell and Fisher, 2000). However, only few concretions with nuclei have been documented (Pye et al, 1990;Thomka and Lewis, 2013), whereas the majority of concretions lacks nuclei (e.g. Siegel et al, 1987;Kiriakoulakis et al, 2000;Lash and Blood, 2004;Loyd et al, 2012a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbially-driven formation of Cenozoic siderite and calcite concretions from eastern Austria

Baumann¹,

Birgel²,

Wagreich³

et al. 2016

AJES

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Carbonate concretions from two distinct settings have been studied for their petrography, carbon and oxygen stable isotope patterns, and lipid biomarker inventories. Siderite concretions are enclosed in a Paleocene-Eocene deep-marine succession with sandy to silty turbidites and marl layers from the Gosau Basin of Gams in northern Styria. Septarian calcite concretions of the southern Vienna Basin from the sandpit of Steinbrunn (Burgenland) are embedded in Upper Miocene brackish sediments, represented by calcareous sands, silts, and clays. Neither for the siderite, nor for the calcite concretions a petrographic, mineralogical, or stable isotope trend from the center to the margin of the concretions was observed, implying that the concretions grew pervasively. The δ 13 C values of the Gams siderite concretions (-11.1 to -7.5‰) point to microbial respiration of organic carbon and the δ 18 O values (-3.5 to +2.2‰) are in accordance with a marine depositional environment. The low δ 13 C values (-6.8 to -4.2‰) of the Steinbrunn calcite concretions most likely reflect a combination of bacterial organic matter oxidation and input of marine biodetrital carbonate. The corresponding δ18 O values (-8.8 to -7.9‰) agree with carbonate precipitation in a meteoric environment or fractionation in the course of bacterial sulfate reduction. Lipid biomarkers have been extracted before and after decalcification of the concretions in order to assess pristine signatures and to exclude secondary contamination. The siderite concretions did not yield indigenous biomarkers due to their high thermal maturity. The calcite concretions comprise abundant plant wax-derived long-chain n-alkanes, reflecting high terrestrial input. Bacterial-derived, terminally-branched fatty acids and hopanoids were found, but with overall low contents. The presence of framboidal pyrite, the moderately low δ 13 C values, and the biomarker inventory indicate that bacterial sulfate reduction contributed to the formation of the calcite concretions in a brackish environment. The low δ 13 C values of the siderite concretions, on the other hand, are best explained by bacterial iron reduction, since sulfate reduction and resultant hydrogen sulfide production would have inhibited siderite precipitation. This study documents a new example for an exception from the common pattern that siderite concretions preferentially precipitate in freshwater environments. The Gams siderite concretions formed within marine sediments, whereas the Steinbrunn calcite concretions formed in freshwater to brackish sediments. Karbonatkonkretionen aus verschiedenen Ablagerungsräumen wurden im

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Crinoids from the Wooster Shale Member of the Cuyahoga Formation, Carboniferous (Mississippian, Tournaisian) of northeastern Ohio

Ausich¹,

Wilson

2023

J. Paleontol.

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Nine crinoids are described from the Wooster Shale Member of the Cuyahoga Formation from Wayne and Ashland counties, Ohio, USA. Identifiable elements of the fauna include five camerate crinoids, one flexible crinoid, and three other eucladid crinoids. Five new species are described, including Cactocrinus woosterensis n. sp., Cusacrinus brushi n. sp., Agaricocrinus murphyi n. sp., Decadocrinus laevis n. sp., and Decadocrinus inordinatus n. sp. Overall, the distribution of crinoid clades in the Wooster Shale is similar to that of the stratigraphically lower Meadville Shale Member of the Cuyahoga Formation, although less diverse and with only one species (Cyathocrinites simplex) in common. Many of the Wooster Shale Member crinoids are completely or partially preserved with siderite either in nodules or within siderite beds. These crinoids are commonly preserved in trauma postures, which is characteristic of burial in episodic high turbulence events. The paleoenvironments and taxa of the two Cuyahoga Formation crinoid faunas more closely resemble Viséan faunas in siliciclastic settings than typical carbonate faunas of the Tournaisian. UUID: http://zoobank.org/2d2678e1-2367-4429-bea0-a64cd020e98c

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Siderite Concretions in the Copan Crinoid Lagerstatte (Upper Pennsylvanian, Oklahoma): Implications for Interpreting Taphonomic and Depositional Processes in Mudstone Successions

Cited by 7 publications

References 71 publications

The interplay between event and background sedimentation and the origin of fossil‐rich carbonate concretions: a case study in Permian rocks of the Paraná Basin, Brazil

The interplay between event and background sedimentation and the origin of fossil‐rich carbonate concretions: a case study in Permian rocks of the Paraná Basin, Brazil

Microbially-driven formation of Cenozoic siderite and calcite concretions from eastern Austria

Crinoids from the Wooster Shale Member of the Cuyahoga Formation, Carboniferous (Mississippian, Tournaisian) of northeastern Ohio

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