Side-polished fiber Bragg grating hydrogen sensor with WO_3-Pd composite film as sensing materials

Dai, Jixiang; Yang, Minghong; Chen, Yun; Cao, Kun; Liao, Hansheng; Zhang, Pengcheng

doi:10.1364/oe.19.006141

Cited by 91 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…To date, successful demonstrations of fiber optic sensors utilizing metal oxides are realized by thin film coatings as in this domain the index compatibility issues can be mitigated [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Sensory materials such as metal oxides can be coated on D-shaped fiber, side polished fiber, or simply coated on the fiber cladding and can be combined with fiber Bragg gratings or long period gratings [17,18,20].…”

Section: Background and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensory materials such as metal oxides can be coated on D-shaped fiber, side polished fiber, or simply coated on the fiber cladding and can be combined with fiber Bragg gratings or long period gratings [17,18,20]. When combined with fiber Bragg gratings, environmentally induced refractive index variations can be transduced into a wavelength shift of the grating peak [28,29].…”

Section: Background and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some complex metal oxides have been shown to exhibit refractive index responses and can be combined with fiber Bragg gratings [16,17]. When metallic coatings such as palladium or palladium and metal oxide composites are introduced with Bragg gratings, these act as strain transducers also exerting modifications on the grating peak [18,30]. When long period gratings are introduced, these can act to increase the light interaction with functional coatings not in close proximity with the fiber core [16,23].…”

Section: Background and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Engineering metal oxide nanostructures for the fiber optic sensor platform

Poole¹,

Ohodnicki²,

Chen³

et al. 2014

Opt. Express

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This paper presents an effective integration scheme of nanostructured SnO 2 with the fiber optic platform for chemical sensing applications based on evanescent optical interactions. By using a triblock copolymer as a structure directing agent as the means of nano-structuring, the refractive index of SnO 2 is reduced from >2.0 to 1.46, in accordance with effective medium theory for optimal on-fiber integration. Hightemperature stable fiber Bragg gratings inscribed in D-shaped fibers were used to perform real-time characterization of optical absorption and refractive index modulation of metal oxides in response to NH 3 from the room temperature to 500°C. Measurement results reveals that the redox reaction of the nanostructured metal oxides exposed to a reactive gas NH 3 induces much stronger changes in optical absorption as opposed to changes in the refractive index. Results presented in this paper provide important guidance for fiber optic chemical sensing designs based on metal oxide nanomaterials. ©2014 Optical Society of America References and links1. S. Akbar, P. Dutta, and C. Lee, "High-temperature ceramic gas sensors: a review," Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Tec.3(4), 302-311 (2006). 2. G. Korotcenkov, "Gas response control through structural and chemical modification of metal oxide films: state of the art and approaches," Sens. Actuators B Chem. 107, 209-232 (2005). 3. G. Korotcenkov, "Metal oxides for solid-state gas sensors: What determines our choice?" Mat. Sci. Eng. B Solid.139(1), 1-23 (2007). 4. N. Yamazoe, "Toward innovations of gas sensor technology," Sens. Actuators B Chem. 108, 2-14 (2005). 5. N. Yamazoe, "New approaches for improving semiconductor gas sensors," Sens. Actuators B Chem. 5, 7-19 (1991). 6. A. Ponzoni, E. Comini, I. Concina, M. Ferroni, M. Falasconi, E. Gobbi, V. Sberveglieri, and G. Sberveglieri, "Nanostructured metal oxide gas sensors, a survey of applications carried out at SENSOR Lab, Brescia (Italy) in the security and food quality fields," Sensors 12(12), 17023-17045 (2012). 2813-2826 (1999). 37. S. Shao, M. Dimitrov, N. Guan, and R. Köhn, "Crystalline nanoporous metal oxide thin films by post-synthetic hydrothermal transformation: SnO2 and TiO2," Nanoscale 2(10), 2054-2057 (2010

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Section: Background and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Engineering metal oxide nanostructures for the fiber optic sensor platform

Poole¹,

Ohodnicki²,

Chen³

et al. 2014

Opt. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2(b), the surface of the prepared film looks uniform, and there is no obvious crack on its surface, demonstrating its good mechanical property. WO 3 has good adhesion towards optical fiber and little volume expansion during process of reacting with hydrogen [31], and lattice constant change of Pd can be greatly suppressed by alloying with Pt [28,29]. Therefore, the hydrogen sensitive film has good stability during hydrogen exposure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved performance of fiber optic hydrogen sensor based on WO3-Pd2Pt-Pt composite film and self-referenced demodulation method

Dai

Peng

Wang

et al. 2017

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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“…Compared with platinum 23 , Pd film is more popular because of its lower cost. Pd alloys with Ag, Au, Ni, and WO 3 have also been studied [24][25][26][27][28][29] because of their improved response time 24,25,27 , sensitivity 28,29 , and durability 26 as a sensing material. The alloys can avoid blistering effects 26 and the α to β phase transition at higher hydrogen concentrations 25,27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realization of palladium-based optomechanical cantilever hydrogen sensor

McKeown

Wang

et al. 2017

Microsyst Nanoeng

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Hydrogen has attracted attention as an alternative fuel source and as an energy storage medium. However, the flammability of hydrogen at low concentrations makes it a safety concern. Thus, gas concentration measurements are a vital safety issue. Here we present the experimental realization of a palladium thin film cantilever optomechanical hydrogen gas sensor. We measured the instantaneous shape of the cantilever to nanometer-level accuracy using diffraction phase microscopy. Thus, we were able to quantify changes in the curvature of the cantilever as a function of hydrogen concentration and observed that the sensor's minimum detection limit was well below the 250 p.p.m. limit of our test equipment. Using the change in curvature versus the hydrogen curve for calibration, we accurately determined the hydrogen concentrations for a random sequence of exposures. In addition, we calculated the change in film stress as a function of hydrogen concentration and observed a greater sensitivity at lower concentrations.Keywords: hydrogen detection; imaging and sensing; interference microscopy; optomechanics; optical sensors; surface dynamics INTRODUCTIONHydrogen has always been viewed as a promising alternative to fossil fuels, and it can also function as an effective energy storage medium for intermittent energy sources. In addition, hydrogen is used in a range of other industries, including chemical production, metal refining, and food processing. A major safety concern with hydrogen is combustibility. Therefore, early leak detection and concentration determination of hydrogen have been areas of intense research 1-3 . There are various types of hydrogen sensors that use a wide range of detection mechanisms. Lundström et al. 4 proposed metal oxide semiconductor (MOS)-type hydrogen sensors 5 . However, MOS sensors suffer from drawbacks such as premature saturation of detectable hydrogen concentrations and low sensitivity. Other MOS-based devices have been used as hydrogen sensors, such as MOS field-effect transistors (FETs) 6,7 , high electron mobility transistors [8][9][10] , and Schottky diode-type FETs 11,12 . However, these devices require complicated fabrication processes and have high production costs. Optical gas sensors 13-21 not only overcome these disadvantages but also have other unique advantages, such as negligible electrical interference, no risk of ignition from an electrical spark, and the ability to work at high temperatures or in harsh environments.Palladium (Pd) can absorb up to 900 times its own weight in hydrogen gas at room temperature 22 . Compared with platinum 23 , Pd film is more popular because of its lower cost. Pd alloys with Ag, Au, Ni, and WO 3 have also been studied 24-29 because of their improved response time 24,25,27 , sensitivity 28,29 , and durability 26 as a sensing material. The alloys can avoid blistering effects 26 and the α to β phase transition at higher hydrogen concentrations 25,27 .

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Side-polished fiber Bragg grating hydrogen sensor with WO_3-Pd composite film as sensing materials

Cited by 91 publications

References 22 publications

Engineering metal oxide nanostructures for the fiber optic sensor platform

Engineering metal oxide nanostructures for the fiber optic sensor platform

Improved performance of fiber optic hydrogen sensor based on WO3-Pd2Pt-Pt composite film and self-referenced demodulation method

Realization of palladium-based optomechanical cantilever hydrogen sensor

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