Side Impact - The Biofidelity of NHTSA's Proposed ATD and Efficacy of TTI

Morgan, Richard M.; Marcus, Jeffrey H.; Eppinger, Rolf H.

doi:10.4271/861877

Cited by 59 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This device was designed to represent an adult thorax and matches quite well the surrogate performance guidelines developed from cadaver testing and recommended by ISO [25]. It also matches quite well the cadaver responses developed by the agency for its side impact program [26,27]. …”

Section: Adult Thoracic Surrogatementioning

confidence: 78%

Pedestrian injury reduction research: Report to the congress

1993

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Section: Adult Thoracic Surrogatementioning

confidence: 78%

Pedestrian injury reduction research: Report to the congress

1993

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…Most of these values consist of physical measurements and have a direct equivalent in physics simulation. Several later publications contain similar values for various body parts [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Both the AIS and IARV focus on injuries to individual body parts.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Head A common measure for head injury is the Head Injury Criterion (HIC), which is based on linear acceleration of the head [16]. This measure differs slightly in form from our previously defined D(v(t), w, c), since it is based on a non-linear relationship:…”

Section: Individual Injury Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in which w is the window time and a H (t) is the acceleration of the head at time t. A common window time is 15ms (also referred to as the HIC-15 score), and corresponding IARV is 700 [16], which results in head injury measure D H :…”

Section: Individual Injury Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chest Our chest injury measure is based on the maximum acceleration of the thoracic spine [16]. We acquire chest injury measure D C by using the acceleration of the chest segment of our virtual character, a C (t):…”

Section: Individual Injury Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injury Assessment for Physics-Based Characters

2011

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Abstract. Determining injury levels for virtual characters is an important aspect of many games. For characters that are animated using simulated physics, it is possible assess injury levels based on physical properties, such as accelerations and forces. We have constructed a model for injury assessment that relates results from research on human injury response to parameters in physics-based animation systems. We describe a set of different normalized injury measures for individual body parts, which can be combined into a single measure for total injury. Our research includes a user study in which human observers rate the injury levels of physics-based characters falling from varying heights at different orientations. Results show that the correlation between our model output and perceived injury is stronger than the correlation between perceived injury and fall height (0.603 versus 0.466, respectively, with N = 1020 and p < 0.001).

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Rib fracture timing in dynamic belt tests with human cadavers

et al. 2011

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The purpose of this article is to present data from dynamic belt loading tests on the thorax of human cadavers where the exact timing of all rib fractures is known. To quantify rib fracture timing, a total of 47 strain gages were placed throughout the thorax of two human cadavers (one male, one female). To simulate thoracic loading observed in a severe car crash, a custom table-top belt loading device was developed. The belt loading pulse was configured to result in approximately 40% chest compression during a 150 ms load and unload cycle. The time histories of each strain gage were analyzed to determine the time of each rib fracture which was then directly compared with the reaction loads and chest displacements at that exact time, thereby creating a noncensored data set. In both cadavers, all rib fractures occurred within the first 35% compression of the thorax. As a general trend, fractures on the left side of the thorax, where the passenger belt passed over the abdomen, occurred first followed by fractures to the upper ribs on the right side of the thorax. By utilizing this technique, the exact timing of each injury level can be characterized relative to the mechanical parameters. For example, using rib fractures as the parameter for Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) scores in the female test, it was shown that AIS 1 injury occurred at a chest compression of 21.1%, AIS 2 at 21.6%, AIS 3 at 22.0%, and AIS 4 at 33.3%.

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Side Impact - The Biofidelity of NHTSA's Proposed ATD and Efficacy of TTI

Cited by 59 publications

References 9 publications

Pedestrian injury reduction research: Report to the congress

Pedestrian injury reduction research: Report to the congress

Injury Assessment for Physics-Based Characters

Rib fracture timing in dynamic belt tests with human cadavers

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