Side effects of spirotetramat on pupae and adults of a Neotropical strain of Eretmocerus mundus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): Effects on the life parameters and demography

Abstract

The negative impact of conventional pesticides on the environment is already extensively discussed worldwide. Although the use of chemical agents for controlling agricultural pests remains as first-line strategy for pest control, novel biorational active insecticides, such as spirotetramat, have appeared in the pesticide market during recent years in Argentina. The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of spirotetramat on two developmental stages of a Neotropical strain of Eretmocerus mundus, with the conventional insecticide cypermethrin as a positive control, and to determine spirotetramat's side effects on parasitoid demographic parameters. Lethal effects of both insecticides on pupae and adults were evaluated by adult emergency and survival, respectively; whereas sublethal effects on both development stages were assessed by adult longevity, reproduction capacity, sex ratio, and longevity of the first progeny. Spirotetramat proved less harmful than cypermethrin at both developmental stages studied, corroborating once more the high toxicity of this pyrethroid to natural enemies. Although spirotetramat did not affect the emergence and reproductive capacity of adults surviving pupal exposure, the longevity of the first progeny was reduced as was adult survival and longevity after exposure to residues. Spirotetramat also reduced all demographic parameters in the population evaluation. This work is the first report of spirotetramat toxicity at the population level and demonstrates the need to assess the total effect of pesticides on natural enemies.

Acute effect of low-dose thiacloprid exposure synergised by tebuconazole in a parasitoid wasp

“…Adding to the concern is a body of evidence indicating that key processes involved in achieving their ecological function (e.g. mate and host recognition, maximising fecundity, optimising offspring sex ratio) can be significantly hindered by exposure to both botanical and synthetic pesticides [11,12,14–18,20,21,25]. It would be beneficial for future studies to investigate how these processes are affected by exposure to pesticide combinations used in agricultural practice.…”

Effects of spirodiclofen on life history traits and population growth of a spider mite predator Oligota flavicornis (Coleoptera: Staphyllinidae) based on the age‐stage two‐sex life table theory

“…Similar results were observed in our study; for example, the fecundity curve of O. flavicornis exposed to spirodiclofen had lower and fewer reproduction peaks. Another possible reason for the reduction was that acetyl‐CoA carboxylase inhibition by spirodiclofen could contribute to interference with the lipogeneic pathways, and lipids have been observed to be essential nutrients for the development and reproduction of insects . Accordingly, it is inferred that that similar interference in pathway could have occurring in O. flavicornis .…”

Estudio de la comunidad de arañas en alcaucil y su rol como bioindicadoras de disturbios ecológicos a través de su susceptibilidad a plaguicidas

“…Los efectos secundarios en organismos benéficos asociados a agroecosistemas vienen estudiándose a nivel mundial, principalmente sobre insectos parasitoides y depredadores de organismos plaga (Fogel et al 2009, Schneider et al 2006, Rimoldi et al 2008, 2012, Benamú et al 2013, He et al 2012, Haramboure et al 2013, Malaquias et al 2013, Francesena et al 2017, Mac Loughlin et al 2017, Catae et al 2018, Francesena y Schneider 2018, Pérez-Iglesias et al 2017. Sin embargo la toxicidad de los plaguicidas ha sido abordada en menor medida sobre arañas depredadoras, con estudios muy puntuales y principalmente en arañas tejedoras y cazadoras de suelo (Mansour et al 1981, Mansour 1987, Mansour y Nentwig 1988, Benamú et al 2013, Michalková y Pekár 2009, Griesinger et al 2011, Rezac 2010.…”

“…y las feromonas sexuales utilizadas en trampas para captura masiva o para confundir al macho y reducir la reproducción (O´Farril-Nieves 2008). Estos productos, muchas veces por su elevado costo son de baja implementación en la Argentina (Fogel et al 2016, Francesena et al 2017, Rimoldi et al 2017, Francesena y Schneider 2018.…”

“…En los cultivos hortícolas estos agentes están muy presentes, sobre todo con respecto al uso de plaguicidas. La biodiversidad de un ambiente se puede ver muy afectada por el uso de estos químicos, provocando la muerte de una gran cantidad de organismos benéficos asociados a organismos plaga de los mismos cultivos (Schneider et al 2003, Roubos et al 2014, Francesena et al 2017, Furlan et al 2017, Pisa et al 2017, Rimoldi et al 2017, Francesena y Schneider 2018, Sánchez-Bayo 2018.…”