Side‐Chain Metallocene‐Containing Polymers by Living and Controlled Polymerizations

Abstract

This review summarizes recent work on side-chain metallocene-containing polymers prepared by controlled and living polymerizations, which include living anionic polymerization (LAP), ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and controlled radical polymerization (CRP) such as atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT), and nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP). The majority of efforts in the field are focused on side-chain ferrocene-containing polymers, while cobaltocenium-containing polymers have recently started to draw attention. Future direction on the development of other metallocene-containing polymers is discussed.

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process – A Third Update

“…[62] The process is also given substantial coverage in most recent reviews that, in part, relate to polymer synthesis, living or controlled polymerization or novel architectures. Some of those that include significant mention of RAFT polymerization include reviews on RDRP, [63] mechanism and reagent design, [11,64,65] click chemistry, [66][67][68][69][70][71][72] synthesis of telechelics, [73] the polymerization of carbazole-containing monomers, [74] N-vinyl-1,2,3-triazoles, [75] N-vinyl heterocycles, [76] fluoro-monomers, [77] and glycomonomers, [78][79][80] synthesis of metallopolymers, [81] conjugated block copolymers, [82] dye-functionalized polymers, [83] stimuliresponsive polymers, [84,85] complex architectures, [86,87] polyolefin blocks, [88] biopolymer-polymer conjugates and bioapplications, [59,[89][90][91][92][93] polysaccharide modification, [94,95] polymerization in heterogeneous media, [96,97] microwave-assisted polymerization, [65,98,99] industrial prospects for RDRP, [100,…”

RAFT Polymerization – Then and Now

“…There are additionally many more reviews which deal more general with RDRP but which, nonetheless, have a substantial section on RAFT polymerization. Some of those that include significant mention of RAFT polymerization include general reviews on RDRP (102), RDRP mechanisms and reagent design (103,104), click chemistry (105-109), photo-initiated RDRP (110) synthesis of telechelics (111), polymerization of carbazole-containing monomers (112), N-vinyl-1,2,3-triazoles (113), N-vinyl heterocycles (114), glycomonomers (115,116), synthesis of metallopolymers (117), conjugated block copolymers (118), dye-functionalized polymers (119), stimuli responsive polymers (120)(121)(122), complex architectures (123), biopolymer-polymer conjugates and bioapplications (97,(124)(125)(126)(127)(128)(129), polysaccharide modification (130), polymerization in heterogeneous media (131), microwave-assisted polymerization (132,133) and industrial prospects for RDRP (134).…”

Simulation of temperature effect on the structure control of polystyrene obtained by atom-transfer radical polymerization

“…Atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is a powerful technique for controlled synthesis of polymers that provides several macromolecular architectures: polymers with narrow molecular weight distribution [1] , block copolymers [2,3] , random or gradient [4] and functionalized polymers [5][6][7][8][9] . ATRP has a great interest in the academic and industrial field because it can be used for various monomers, can be conducted in mild temperatures, and it is very resistant to impurities [10] .…”