Sickness-related odor communication signals as determinants of social behavior in rat: A role for inflammatory processes

Arakawa, Hiroyuki; Arakawa, Keiko; Deak, Terrence

doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.01.002

Cited by 69 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Changes in the behaviour of infectious individuals, or their group members, are likely to be reflected in their social interaction network (though experimental confirmation is scarce, see [15]), as some connections may be intensified and others eliminated, for example through caretaking [19 -21] or isolation [22][23][24][25] of diseased individuals. Such behavioural modulations, in addition to the direction in which behaviours are performed, can strongly impact the routes of disease spread in the group, by affecting the risk of pathogen exposure and transmission of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies

Theis

Ugelvig

Marr

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 14 to a theme issue 'The sociality-health -fitness nexus in animal societies'. To prevent epidemics, insect societies have evolved collective disease defences that are highly effective at curing exposed individuals and limiting disease transmission to healthy group members. Grooming is an important sanitary behaviour-either performed towards oneself (self-grooming) or towards others (allogrooming)-to remove infectious agents from the body surface of exposed individuals, but at the risk of disease contraction by the groomer. We use garden ants (Lasius neglectus) and the fungal pathogen Metarhizium as a model system to study how pathogen presence affects self-grooming and allogrooming between exposed and healthy individuals. We develop an epidemiological SIS model to explore how experimentally observed grooming patterns affect disease spread within the colony, thereby providing a direct link between the expression and direction of sanitary behaviours, and their effects on colony-level epidemiology. We find that fungus-exposed ants increase self-grooming, while simultaneously decreasing allogrooming. This behavioural modulation seems universally adaptive and is predicted to contain disease spread in a great variety of host-pathogen systems. In contrast, allogrooming directed towards pathogen-exposed individuals might both increase and decrease disease risk. Our model reveals that the effect of allogrooming depends on the balance between pathogen infectiousness and efficiency of social host defences, which are likely to vary across host-pathogen systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies

Theis

Ugelvig

Marr

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Specifically, adult male rats participated in lower levels of social investigation (sniffing) directed towards a conspecific infused with LPS, 4 h prior to contact (Arakawa et al, 2010). This suggests that changes in inflammatory cascades may be part of a mechanism underlying alterations in scent signatures that interfere with social behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social rejection following neonatal inflammation is mediated by olfactory scent cues

MacRae

Kenkel

Kentner

2015

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was chosen, in part, because LPS has been used to induce "sickness-related odors" in mice [29]. In particular, rats exhibited avoidance behaviors of soiled bedding material collected from conspecifics four hours after receiving 100 μg/Kg doses of LPS; which could be blocked by the administration of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 [29]. Validation trials in Experiment 2a indicated not only that the biosensor response was related to treatment, but also that discrimination was possible regardless of which choice (LPS-or control urine) was associated with the reward.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization alters body odor

Kimball

Opiekun

Yamazaki

et al. 2014

Physiology & Behavior

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• Biosensors discriminated between urines collected from donors receiving a rabies vaccine (RV) versus controls • Biosensors discriminated between the urine odors of mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the urine of control mice • LPS-trained biosensors could distinguish between the odors of LPS-treated mouse urine and RV-treated mouse urine.• Discriminations by the biosensors were made on the basis of odor alone.• Volatile metabolites arising from immunization may be products of an innate immune response. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Infections have been shown to alter body odor. Because immune activation accompanies both infection and immunization, we tested the hypothesis that classical immunization might similarly result in the alteration of body odors detectable by trained biosensor mice. Using a Y-maze, we trained biosensor mice to distinguish between urine odors from rabies-vaccinated (RV) and unvaccinated control mice. RV-trained mice generalized this training to mice immunized with the equine West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine compared with urine of corresponding controls. These results suggest that there are similarities between body odors of mice immunized with these two vaccines. This conclusion was reinforced when mice could not be trained to directly discriminate between urine odors of RV-versus WNV-treated mice. Next, we trained biosensor mice to discriminate the urine odors of mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; a general elicitor of innate immunological responses) from the urine of control mice. These LPS-trained biosensors could distinguish between the odors of LPS-treated mouse urine and RV-treated mouse urine. Finally, biosensor mice trained to distinguish between the odors of RV-treated mouse urine and control mouse urine did not generalize this training to discriminate between the odors of LPS-treated mouse urine and control mouse urine. From these experiments, we conclude that: (1) immunization alters urine odor in similar ways for RV and WNV immunizations; and (2) immune activation with LPS also alters urine odor but in ways different from those of RV and WNV.Published by Elsevier Inc.

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Sickness-related odor communication signals as determinants of social behavior in rat: A role for inflammatory processes

Cited by 69 publications

References 101 publications

Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies

Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies

Social rejection following neonatal inflammation is mediated by olfactory scent cues

Immunization alters body odor

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