Sickness in pregnancy and sex of child

Askling, Johan; Erlandsson, Gunnar; Kaijser, Magnus; Akre, Olof; Ekbom, Anders

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)04239-7

Cited by 68 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Thus, opposing effects on breast cancer risk by the different hormones seem unlikely. Hyperemesis has also been linked to reproductive history, twinning and to an altered sex ratio of the offspring (Askling et al, 1999;Eliakim et al, 2000), all of which could possibly affect breast cancer risk (Kelsey et al, 1993;Hsieh et al, 1999). All these factors were accounted for in our study, and adjustments had no marked impact on the estimates.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 96%

Hyperemesis gravidarum and subsequent breast cancer risk

et al. 2002

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Both parity and a young age at first pregnancy are associated with a reduction in breast cancer risk. The hormones involved in this process are not fully investigated. Human chorionic gonadotropin is a placental hormone, which in rats and in human breast cells in vitro has been shown to prevent against breast cancer. Hyperemesis, a severe nausea combined with vomiting during pregnancy, is associated with increased levels of human chorionic gonadotropin. We investigated the possible relationship between hyperemesis and subsequent breast cancer risk in a case -control study based on registry data. Among 13 079 breast cancer cases and 34 348 individually matched controls we found 148 cases and 405 controls who had been hospitalised for hyperemesis. Hyperemesis was not associated with breast cancer risk (adjusted odds ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval 0.86 -1.27), and similar risks were observed regardless of age at diagnosis, number of hospitalisations for hyperemesis or time of follow-up. Our results do not support the hypothesis that human chorionic gonadotropin is responsible for the protective effect of pregnancies upon breast cancer risk.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 96%

Hyperemesis gravidarum and subsequent breast cancer risk

et al. 2002

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“…Early losses are in general reported to be more common among male embryos, and there is no evidence to believe that maternal overweight preferentially induces early spontaneous abortions of female fetuses. Low maternal prepregnant weight appears to be related to increased incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum (14), which in turn has been positively associated with a lower maleto-female sex ratio (15). The association between hyperemesis and sex ratio has been hypothesized to be mediated through increased concentrations of hCG (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpregnancy weight gain and the male-to-female sex ratio of the second pregnancy: a population-based cohort study

Villamor

Sparén

Cnattingius

2008

Fertility and Sterility

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“…HG is commonly defined as pernicious vomiting with associated fluid, metabolic and electrolyte imbalances due to pregnancy [3] . Hospital admission is often used as the practical threshold for differentiating HG [6] from the far commoner nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), which occurs in 70-85% of pregnancies [7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyridoxine (vitamin B 6 ) is recognized to be effective for treating NVP [7,8] . The 2 randomized placebo-controlled trials of pyridoxine identified in the Cochrane review on interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy involved outpatient treatment of NVP with a follow-up over only 3 or 5 days [8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Oral Pyridoxine in Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Tan¹,

Yow²,

Omar³

2008

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Objective: To evaluate oral pyridoxine in conjunction with standard therapy in women hospitalized for hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). Methods: Patients with HG were randomized at hospitalization to 20 mg oral pyridoxine thrice daily or to placebo. Intravenous rehydration, metoclopramide and oral thiamine were also administered. Metoclopramide and thiamine were continued for 2 weeks after discharge. Rehospitalization for HG in the 2-week study period was ascertained, vomiting was recorded by diary, and nausea was evaluated with a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS) at enrolment, after hospital discharge and on week 1 and 2 reviews. Results: Ninety-two women were included in the analysis. The rehospitalization rate was 37.5 versus 21.1% (relative risk 1.8, 95% confidence interval 0.9–3.7, p = 0.14) for pyridoxine and placebo, respectively. Daily vomiting episodes after discharge were not different (mean ± SD): 1.9 ± 2.4 versus 1.4 ± 1.1, p = 0.28 during week 1 and 1.4 ± 1.3 versus 1.4 ± 1.6, p = 0.98 during week 2. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed no difference in the nausea visual analogue scale (p = 0.59). Conclusion: The use of oral pyridoxine in conjunction with metoclopramide during the inpatient stay and during the 2 weeks after hospital discharge for hyperemesis gravidarum did not improve the rehospitalization rate, the vomiting frequency or the nausea score. Larger studies need to be done.

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Sickness in pregnancy and sex of child

Cited by 68 publications

References 4 publications

Hyperemesis gravidarum and subsequent breast cancer risk

Hyperemesis gravidarum and subsequent breast cancer risk

Interpregnancy weight gain and the male-to-female sex ratio of the second pregnancy: a population-based cohort study

A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Oral Pyridoxine in Hyperemesis Gravidarum

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