Sickle Cell Disease in Children in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review

Hamid, Nazim Faisal; Albalawi, Nader Mousa Rubayyi; Alanazi, Fawaz Khalifah M; Alharbi, Faisal Mohammed; Aljabri, Moath

doi:10.51847/mnmgimuk0o

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

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“…SCD is typically characterized by pathophysiological complications leading to vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) and organ damage. The etiology of SCD is multifaceted and it can result in the sickling of erythrocytes, activation of clotting due to cytokines, pulmonary infections, and cerebral complications (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential inflammatory targets in the integrative health care of patients with sickle cell disease

Khan,

Halawani,

Zughaibi

et al. 2023

Exp Ther Med

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Inflammation plays an integral role in the complications of sickle cell disease (SCD), which can lead to vaso-occlusive crisis and extreme pain. SCD is accompanied by numerous complications, including cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline and endothelial dysfunction, contributing to mortality. As disease severity increases with age, the present study aimed to assess if age is also correlated with a definite pattern of progression of the two inflammatory markers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and total homocysteine (tHCY). The findings of the present study could lead to an improved understanding of the threshold levels of these inflammatory markers and timely interventions to delay complications. In an observational study, levels of hsCRP and tHCY were analyzed in 70 patients (35 male and 35 female patients) with SCD aged between 5 and 16 years. hsCRP levels were in the high-risk range in 64.29% (n=45) of all male and female patients. A sex-wise distribution showed that, of the 35 male patients, 74.28% (n=26) were in the high-risk range, and of the 35 female patients, 54.28% (n=19) were in the high-risk range. An age-wise distribution showed that of the 41 patients in the 5-10-years age group, 70.73% (n=29), were in the high-risk range. In comparison, of the 29 patients in the 11-16-years age group, 55.17% (n=16) were in the high-risk range. tHCY levels were observed to be in the normal range in 98.57% (n=69) of all children, as compared with 1.43% (n=1) in the high-risk range. Furthermore, a sex-wise distribution showed that female patients in the high-risk group of hsCRP had higher concentrations of tHCY as compared with the male patients in that risk group. An age-wise distribution of hsCRP concentration also showed that the risk of CVD in patients in the 11-16-years age group was higher with increased concentrations of tHCY. A weak negative correlation was observed between age and hsCRP concentrations (r-value=-0.280; P=0.026) and a weak positive correlation was detected between tHCY and age (r-value= 0.259; P= 0.036). In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that higher levels of hsCRP could be a useful marker in children with SCD, and levels of tHCY may be an adjunct marker as the disease progresses with age.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential inflammatory targets in the integrative health care of patients with sickle cell disease

Khan,

Halawani,

Zughaibi

et al. 2023

Exp Ther Med

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Dental and Skeletal Manifestation of Sickle-Cell Anaemia and Thalassemia in Saudi Arabia; A Systematic Review

Nancy¹,

Sukinah²,

Maram³

et al. 2021

Int j pharm res allied sci

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Patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SDC) suffer from many systematic manifestations such as muscular imbalance, absence of labial scaling, and changes in the osseous skull base. Thalassemia patients are characterized by many systematic manifestations such as skeletal deformities. The study aimed to systematically assess the literature about the relationship between dental and skeletal manifestations of SCD and Thalassemia among Saudi subjects. Following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews (PRISMA), 5 databases were searched for related articles. Data were collected following certain keywords. Studies in humans, English language, from 2000 to 2020, among growers, were included. 145 articles were selected. Duplicates were excluded leading to 138 articles. Upon screening titles and abstracts, 80 articles were selected. 55 articles were chosen and only 3 high-level evidence papers met the criteria for the qualitative synthesis. Thalassemia and SCD patients had a greater prevalence of severe malocclusion and they require an earlier orthodontic intervention compared to norm-occlusive subjects. The commonly found dental manifestations among Thalassemia and SCD are Class II skeletal malocclusion, with a maxillary protrusion, constricted arches, and incisal crowding.

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Sickle Cell Disease in Children in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review

Cited by 2 publications

References 30 publications

Potential inflammatory targets in the integrative health care of patients with sickle cell disease

Potential inflammatory targets in the integrative health care of patients with sickle cell disease

Dental and Skeletal Manifestation of Sickle-Cell Anaemia and Thalassemia in Saudi Arabia; A Systematic Review

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