Sick plants in grassland communities: a growth-defense trade-off is the main driver of fungal pathogen abundance and impact

Cappelli, Seraina L.; Pichon, Noémie A.; Kempel, Anne; Allan, Eric

doi:10.1101/806299

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…In general, plant enemies might change plant functional composition by preferentially attacking faster growing, less defended plant species rather than slower growing, and more defended ones (e.g. Lind et al 2013;Kempel et al 2015;Cappelli et al 2019). Recent work on fungal pathogens in grassland has shown that plant species with a fast growth strategy are more likely to be infested by pathogens than species with a slow growth strategy (Cappelli et al 2019).…”

Section: Effects Of Plant Enemies On Plant Species Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lind et al 2013;Kempel et al 2015;Cappelli et al 2019). Recent work on fungal pathogens in grassland has shown that plant species with a fast growth strategy are more likely to be infested by pathogens than species with a slow growth strategy (Cappelli et al 2019). Communities consisting of fast growing species were also shown to be more strongly impacted by fungal pathogens (they lost more biomass) than communities consisting of slower growing species (Cappelli et al 2019), indicating that fungal pathogens consistently shift plant communities towards more slow growing, better defended species.…”

Section: Effects Of Plant Enemies On Plant Species Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Context-Dependency of Enemy Impact on Plant Communities in a Changing World

Kempel¹,

Auge²,

Allan³

2020

Preprint

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Global environmental change is strongly altering biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Antagonistic biotic interactions affect the diversity and functioning of plant communities but are notoriously context dependent and are therefore likely to be altered by global change drivers. Global change can directly affect biotic interactions and can also indirectly alter the abundance, diversity and composition of plant enemy communities, via changes to plant productivity, diversity and functional composition. Changes in the enemy community feedback to alter the plant community. However, we lack predictions for how different global change drivers may alter enemy communities and their impact on plant communities. In this review we summarize current knowledge on the impact of invertebrate herbivores and fungal pathogens on plant productivity, diversity and community composition, and outline theory and expectations on how important global change drivers – nitrogen enrichment, warming and elevated CO2, as well as the loss of plant and insect diversity, may affect the impact of plant-enemies on plant communities.

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Section: Effects Of Plant Enemies On Plant Species Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Plant Enemies On Plant Species Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context-Dependency of Enemy Impact on Plant Communities in a Changing World

Kempel¹,

Auge²,

Allan³

2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Plant pathogens are ubiquitous (Delgado‐Baquerizo et al ., 2020) and play a critical role in shaping plant communities and maintaining terrestrial ecosystem functions (Bagchi et al ., 2014; Cappelli et al ., 2020). As widely recognized in agricultural systems, plant pathogens can decrease photosynthesis (Fisher et al ., 2012), cause plant biomass losses (Allan et al ., 2010; Seabloom et al ., 2017) and plant mortality (Jia et al ., 2020), and ultimately reduce host plant fitness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As widely recognized in agricultural systems, plant pathogens can decrease photosynthesis (Fisher et al ., 2012), cause plant biomass losses (Allan et al ., 2010; Seabloom et al ., 2017) and plant mortality (Jia et al ., 2020), and ultimately reduce host plant fitness. At the same time, pathogens tend to disproportionately affect dominant species through negative density dependence (Chen et al ., 2019) or growth‐defense trade‐offs (Cappelli et al ., 2020), and thus promote plant species coexistence (Mordecai, 2011; Bever et al ., 2015). Overall, it is important to understand the factors that determine pathogen abundance, and to be able to predict when and where specific diseases will emerge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting effects of mammal grazing on foliar fungal diseases: patterns and potential mechanisms

Mipam

Wang

et al. 2021

New Phytologist

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Summary Plant pathogens and their hosts often coexist with mammal grazers. However, the direction and strength of grazing effects on foliar fungal diseases can be idiosyncratic, varying among host plant species and pathogen types. We combined a 6 yr yak‐grazing experiment, a clipping experiment simulating different mammal consumption patterns (leaf damage vs whole‐leaf removal), and a meta‐analysis of 63 comparisons to evaluate how grazing impacts foliar fungal diseases across plant growth types (grass vs forb) and pathogen life histories (biotroph vs necrotroph). In the yak‐grazing experiment, grazing had no significant effect on disease severity, and grasses experienced a higher disease severity than forbs; there was a significant interaction between pathogen type and grazing. In both the yak‐grazing experiment and meta‐analysis, grazing decreased biotrophic pathogens (mainly rusts and powdery mildew), but did not affect necrotrophic pathogens (mainly leaf spots). The clipping experiment suggested that grazers might promote infection by necrotrophic pathogens by producing wounds on leaves, but inhibit biotrophic pathogens via leaf removal. In conclusion, our three‐part approach revealed that intrinsic properties of both plants and pathogens shape patterns of disease in natural ecosystems, greatly improving our ability to predict disease severity under mammal grazing.

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“…Both plant invasions and infectious diseases can afflict natural plant communities [1,2] by reducing plant diversity and biomass production [3–5]. Invasive species and disease outbreaks can co-occur in communities because the species are co-introduced, or because invasive species amplify disease transmission [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging fungal pathogen on an invasive grass differentially affects native species

Kendig

Svahnstrom²,

Adhikari

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Infectious diseases and invasive species are strong drivers of biological systems that may interact to shift plant community composition. Disease and invasion can each directly suppress native populations, but variation in responses among native species to disease, invasion, and their combined effects are not well characterized. Here, we quantified the responses of three native North American grass species to experimental inoculation with the fungal pathogen Bipolaris gigantea, which has recently emerged in populations of the invasive grass Microstegium vimineum, causing leaf spot disease. In a greenhouse experiment, we examined the direct effects of disease on the native species and the indirect effects of disease on the native species through altered competition with M. vimineum, which was planted at a range of densities. Pathogen inoculation directly affected each of the three native species in unique ways, by increasing, decreasing, or not changing their biomass relative to mock inoculation. Higher M. vimineum densities, however, reduced the biomass of all three native species, regardless of inoculation treatment, suggesting that disease had no indirect effects through altered competition. In addition, competition with M. vimineum suppressed native plant biomass to a greater extent than disease. The differential impacts of B. gigantea and the consistent impacts of M. vimineum on native species biomass suggest that disease may modify native plant community composition while plant invasion may suppress multiple native plant species in systems where these drivers co-occur.

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Sick plants in grassland communities: a growth-defense trade-off is the main driver of fungal pathogen abundance and impact

Cited by 9 publications

References 88 publications

Context-Dependency of Enemy Impact on Plant Communities in a Changing World

Context-Dependency of Enemy Impact on Plant Communities in a Changing World

Contrasting effects of mammal grazing on foliar fungal diseases: patterns and potential mechanisms

Emerging fungal pathogen on an invasive grass differentially affects native species

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