Sibling relationship pattern in the context of abuse and neglect: Results from a sample of adult siblings

Witte, Susanne; Fegert, Jörg M.; Walper, Sabine

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104528

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This agrees with findings from a previous study assessing the quality of childhood relationships as a predictor of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adulthood, which found that individuals who experienced early life trauma and had poor sibling relationships were more likely to develop mood-related disorders compared to individuals who reported having harmonious sibling relationships. 7 Similarly, individuals who rate themselves as having stable peer groups are less likely to have MDD as adults, 7,26 further highlighting the importance of the quality of social support in the context of stress-buffering. Nevertheless, while there is clear overlap in the pathologies that arise from experiencing emotional/psychological or physical stressors, 9 these data underscore the need for better modeling of the various stress modalities which can lead to the different MDD phenotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there seems to be some concordance in the depression rates among abused siblings 5,6 there is much more variability in mood-related outcomes among siblings if one perceives that they themselves were targeted or unfairly treated compared to others. 7 Therefore, it is likely that various factors, including environmental contexts and stressor magnitude, dictate how situations are processed and whether social support is an effective buffer. Although evidence suggests that social support can attenuate some of the maladaptive consequences of stress, 8 whether the relationship between adolescents exposed to various levels of stress is influenced by an individual's stress experience, is largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Buffering is Dependent on Mutual Experience in Adolescent Male Mice Exposed to Social Defeat Stress

Parise

Sial

et al. 2022

Chronic Stress

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Background Individuals who experience emotional, physical, or sexual abuse as children suffer from higher rates of major depressive disorder, drug abuse, and suicide. Early life interventions such as peer support groups can be beneficial to adolescents who experience trauma, suggesting that social support is important in facilitating rehabilitation and promoting resiliency to stress. Although there are some animal paradigms that can model how peer-peer interactions influence stress-reactivity, less is known about how individual stress experiences influence the effectiveness of social buffering. Methods The vicarious social defeat stress (VSDS) paradigm allows for the assessment of two different stress modalities, physical (PS) and emotional (ES) stress, which confer different levels of stress with similar biological and behavioral outcomes. Using a modified VSDS paradigm in which pairs of mice experience ES and PS together we can begin to evaluate how stress exposure influences the buffering efficacy of social relationships. Adolescent mice (postnatal day 35) were randomly combined into dyads and were allocated into either mutual experience or cohabitation pairs. Within each dyad, one mouse was assigned to the physically stressed (PS) condition and was repeatedly exposed to an aggressive CD1 mouse while the other mouse was designated as the partner. In the mutual experience dyads the partner mice witnessed the defeat bout (ES) while in the cohabitation dyads the partner was separated from the PS mouse and returned after the 10 min defeat bout was terminated (non-stressed). After 10 days of defeat, mice were tested in the social interaction test (SIT), the elevated plus maze (EPM), and the forced swim test (FST). Results PS-exposed mice in the cohabitation dyads, but not those in the mutual experience dyads, showed significantly more avoidance of a novel CD1 aggressor or c57BL/6 mouse, in the SIT. Surprisingly, both partner conditions showed avoidance to a CD1. Interestingly, non-stressed partner mice spent less time in the open arms of the EPM, suggesting increased anxiety; only PS-exposed mice in cohabitation dyads showed more time spent immobile in the FST, indicative of increased learned helplessness. Conclusions These data suggest that the efficacy of social buffering can be mediated by individual stress experience.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Buffering is Dependent on Mutual Experience in Adolescent Male Mice Exposed to Social Defeat Stress

Parise

Sial

et al. 2022

Chronic Stress

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“…Our research showed a link between negative relationships with siblings and higher ACEs scores. In case of an impact of childhood adversities on sibling relationships, two different hypotheses were presented [21,22]. The compensation hypothesis suggests that adverse circumstances promote supportiveness and warmth in a sibling relationship.…”

Section: Factors Associated With Adverse Childhood Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences and worsened social relationships in adult life among Polish medical and dental students

Drożak

Duda

Augustowska

et al. 2021

J Educ Health Sport

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Introduction and purpose. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events experienced before the age of 18 that have lasting negative effects on physical and mental health. Numerous studies have shown that exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences increases the probability of chronic health conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, coronary heart disease, asthma, depression or PTSD. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences among medical and dental students of Polish Medical Universities and to examine an association between ACEs and chosen factors associated with social relationships of the students.Material and method. A total of 1162 medical and dental students from each year of education and 18 different Polish universities took part in the study. The research tool contained the Adverse Childhood Experiences standardized questionnaire and authors’ questions.Results. More than a half of the students (57.4%) had at least 1 exposure to ACEs. 8.43% of them experienced 4 or more childhood adversities. The most commonly reported ACEs were: emotional neglect (23.06%), emotional abuse (22.98%) and mental illness or a suicide attempt in a household member (21.86%). An overall graded relationship was found between ACE score and: parents’ lower level of education, negative relationship with parents, siblings and friends and having a diagnosis of depression.Conclusions. Adverse Childhood Experiences are common among Polish medical and dental students and are associated with worsened social relationships and depression in adult life of the students. It is important to implement strategies that aim to prevent ACEs and help to build social support networks for those that are affected by them.

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“…These studies have indicated an association between dysfunction in the parent–child relationship and a harmful dynamic in the sibling subsystem (Mangold & King, 2021; Portner & Riggs, 2016; Tucker et al, 2019; Whiteman et al, 2011; Williams et al, 2016; Witte et al, 2020). Hence, this dysfunction could negatively manifest in the sibling dynamic through jealousy, fear of a sibling, abuse and aggression (Dirks et al, 2015; Heinrich, 2017; Katz & Tener, 2020, 2021), distance or hostility (Witte et al, 2020). In some cases, this might be exhibited through sibling incest, either as a form of aggression or as a source of warmth, especially in cases of severe parental neglect (Ballantine, 2012; Caffaro & Conn‐Caffaro, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, empirical and clinical evidence point to siblings as a source of mutual support, affection, and comfort during times of distress (Dunn et al, 1994;East & Rook, 1992). Recently, a study by Witte et al (2020) found partial support for this, indicating that physical abuse, neglect, and exposure to domestic violence may be correlated with increased warmth and fewer conflicts in the sibling subsystem. Accordingly, child survivors of parental CM have often referred to their siblings as their most important coping resource (Katz & Tener, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sibling dynamics in the context of parental child maltreatment: A theoretical model grounded in data

Katz

Tener

Nadan

2022

J of Family Theo & Revie

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This article presents and discusses a theoretical model grounded in data regarding sibling dynamics in the context of parental child maltreatment. The model aimed to explain the process by which parental maltreatment shaped the siblings' dynamics while following the process from childhood to adulthood. The model is based on the triangulated analysis of three samples: 120 forensic interviews with maltreated children, 83 interviews with adults who experienced maltreatment in childhood, and 48 interviews with professionals. The theoretical model presents key concepts for sibling dynamics: sibling camaraderie, sibling abuse, parentified sibling, and sibling cut-off. In addition, the overlap and movements within and between these concepts are discussed, as well as contexts that might explain the model.

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Sibling relationship pattern in the context of abuse and neglect: Results from a sample of adult siblings

Cited by 15 publications

References 50 publications

Social Buffering is Dependent on Mutual Experience in Adolescent Male Mice Exposed to Social Defeat Stress

Social Buffering is Dependent on Mutual Experience in Adolescent Male Mice Exposed to Social Defeat Stress

Adverse Childhood Experiences and worsened social relationships in adult life among Polish medical and dental students

Sibling dynamics in the context of parental child maltreatment: A theoretical model grounded in data

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