Sibling Deidentification Judged by Mothers: Cross-Validation and Developmental Studies

Schachter, Frances Fuchs; Gilutz, Gabi; Shore, Ellen; Adler, Michelle

doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1978.tb02353.x

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…For exampl e, Schachter and col l eagues have observed that fami l y members tend to descri be si bl i ngs as di fferent or contrasti ng and refer to thi s as 'si bl i ng deidentification'. 46,47 Consi stent w i th the fi ndi ngs of tw i n and adopti on studi es, i n families with two or three chi l dren, si bl i ngs di spl ayed si gni fi cant negati ve correl ati ons for gl obal maternal rati ngs of easy/ di ffi cul t temperament. 48 Rooted i n psychoanal yti c theory, si bl i ng dei dentifi cati on theory posi ts that si bl i ngs seek to devel op…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…46,49 Dei denti fi cati on i s stronger for same-sex si bl i ngs because they are more l i kel y to compete w i th each other as a resul t of si mi l ar i nterests and attri butes. Therefore, accordi ng to si bl i ng dei denti ficati on theory, the behavi oural di fferences betw een si bl i ngs are real and parent rati ngs merel y refl ect thi s. How ever, si bl i ng di fferences resul ti ng from the quest for one's ow n i denti ty does not seem to be a pl ausi bl e mechani sm for expl ai ni ng negati ve correl ati ons betw een i nfant tw i ns w ho are onl y just begi nni ng to devel op a sense of sel f. M oreover, si bl i ng dei denti fi cati on theory predi cts that the more similar siblings are, the more likely that they will dei denti fy.…”

Section: Twin Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parent ratings of temperament in twins: explaining the ‘too low’ DZ correlations

Saudino

Cherny²,

Plomin³

2000

twin res

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Tw i n studi es of chi l d temper ament usi ng objecti ve measur es consi stentl y suggest moder ate heritability for most dimensions. However, parent rating measures produce unusual patter ns of r esul ts. I ntr acl ass cor r el ati ons for i denti cal (M Z) tw i ns ar e typi cal l y hi gh, w her eas fr ater nal (DZ) tw i n i ntr acl ass cor r el ati ons ar e much l ow er than w oul d be pr edi cted fr om an addi ti ve geneti c model . The 'too l ow ' DZ cor r el ati ons can be expl ai ned by par ent-r ati ng bi ases that ei ther exagger ate the di ffer ences betw een DZ tw i ns (contr ast effects) or that i nfl ate the si mi l ar i ty of M Z tw i ns (assi mi l ati on effects), or by the pr esence of non-addi ti ve geneti c var i ance. To eval uate the thr ee possi bl e expl anati ons, w e used model -fi tti ng pr ocedur es appl i ed to par ent-r ati ng data aver aged acr oss 14, 20, 24, and 36 months of age i n a sampl e of 196 tw i n pai r s par ti ci pati ng i n the M acA r thur Longi tudi nal Tw i n Study. The data w er e best descr i bed by a model that i ncl uded contr ast effects. I mpl i cati ons for non-tw i n r esear ch ar e di scussed. Twin Research (2000) 3, 224-233. Keyw or ds: tw i ns, temperament, geneti cs, rater bi as, model fi tti ng I ntr oducti onResearch empl oyi ng the tw i n desi gn provi des the strongest evi dence of geneti c i nfl uences on i ndi vi dual di fferences i n temperament duri ng i nfancy and earl y chi l dhood. How ever, tw i n studi es assessi ng temperament vi a parent-rati ng measures, the most common method empl oyed to assess temperament, frequentl y produce an unusual pattern of resul ts. Wi th such measures, i denti cal (monozygoti c, M Z) co-tw i n resembl ance for temperament di mensi ons, as i ndexed by i ntracl ass correl ati ons, i s typi cal l y moderate; w hereas fraternal (di zygoti c, DZ) co-tw i n resembl ance i s very l ow, often near zero or even sl i ghtl y negati ve. [1][2][3] This puzzling outcome is particul arl y evi dent i n, but not excl usi ve to, rati ng measures that requi re parents to make gl obal judgements of thei r chi l d's behavi our. 4 Because M Z tw i ns are more si mi l ar than DZ tw i ns for parent-report measures of temperament, these resul ts provi de evi dence of geneti c i nfl uence. Nonethel ess, the l ow DZ tw i n resembl ance i s puzzl i ng because the si mpl e (additi ve) geneti c model predi cts that DZ tw i n si mi l ari ty shoul d be at l east half that of the M Z tw i ns due to the fact that DZ tw i ns are, on average, 50% si mi l ar geneti cal l y, w hereas M Z tw i ns are geneti cal l y i dentical . The pattern of very l ow DZ correl ati ons i s si gni fi cant because i t i mpl i es that DZ tw i ns are percei ved as hardl y any more si mi l ar than tw o randoml y pai red chi l dren. Possible explanations for low DZ resemblanceThe probl em of 'too l ow ' DZ correl ati ons, as i t has come to be descri bed i n the i nfant and chi l d temperament l i terature, has been expl ai ned by assi mi l ati on effects, contrast effec...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Twin Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent ratings of temperament in twins: explaining the ‘too low’ DZ correlations

Saudino

Cherny²,

Plomin³

2000

twin res

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“…In contrast to observational learning theory, there is evidence suggesting that siblings seek differentiation between one another, a process that has been termed sibling deidentification (Ansbacher & Ansbacher, 1956;Schachter, Shore, Feldman-Rotman, Marquis, & Campbell, 1976;Schachter, Gilutz, Shore, & Adler, 1978). Through deidentification processes, siblings engage in different activities and behaviours in order to establish their individual niche within the family.…”

Section: Sibling Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through deidentification processes, siblings engage in different activities and behaviours in order to establish their individual niche within the family. Originally advanced in the writings of Alfred Adler (Ansbacher & Ansbacher, 1956), sibling deidentification refers to the tendency for siblings to learn from the experiences of their brothers and sisters and to purposely choose different identities and develop different qualities to reduce competition and rivalry, while sharing parental love and attention (Ansbacher & Ansbacher, 1956;Schachter et al, 1976;Schachter et al, 1978). Schachter and colleagues (1978) found that sibling deidentification leads to less direct competition and, theoretically, is most pronounced in siblings who are most objectively similar in age, birth order, or sex.…”

Section: Sibling Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was evident that having separate playing experiences and opportunities provided most participants with a more positive sport experience. Therefore, choosing different paths and identities may help to reduce competition and rivalry (Ansbacher & Ansbacher, 1956;Schachter et al, 1976;Schachter et al, 1978) and could be a solution to help manage sibling relations.…”

Section: Sibling Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Friend, foe, or both? A retrospective exploration of sibling relationships in elite youth sport

Nelson

Strachan

2017

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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With the abundance of literature focusing on parental influence in sport, it is important to identify family dynamics that extend beyond parents to include siblings. In this study, sibling influence was explored though interviews with previously identified elite youth female athletes (N=4) and their sibling (N=4) of the same sex who participated in the same sport. The purpose was to discover how siblings influence sport participation and how parents influence sibling relationships, retrospectively. Three categories emerged from the data: positive experiences participating in the same sport, negative experiences participating in the same sport, and perception of the parental role.The participants' descriptions coincide with observational learning and both deidentification and divergence processes. The data adds to the probable sibling and parent experiences proposed in the Developmental Model of Sport Participation and provides insight for athletes, parents, and coaches on how to manage sibling relations in sport.

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Mechanisms of sibling socialization in normative family development

Whiteman¹,

Becerra²,

Killoren³

2009

New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development

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Siblings are important sources of social influence throughout childhood and adolescence. Nevertheless, the processes by which siblings influence one another remain relatively unexplored. We highlight two theories of sibling influence-sibling deidentification and social learning-that offer insights as to how and why siblings develop similar and different attributes, attitudes, and behaviors. Recognizing the need to move past post hoc explanations, we suggest several directions for how these two influence processes can be measured directly in future work. Research on sibling influence also can be improved by integrating these theories and attending to their domains of influence.

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Sibling Deidentification Judged by Mothers: Cross-Validation and Developmental Studies

Cited by 21 publications

References 1 publication

Parent ratings of temperament in twins: explaining the ‘too low’ DZ correlations

Parent ratings of temperament in twins: explaining the ‘too low’ DZ correlations

Friend, foe, or both? A retrospective exploration of sibling relationships in elite youth sport

Mechanisms of sibling socialization in normative family development

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