Sibling assessment based on likelihood ratio and total number of shared alleles using 21 short tandem repeat loci included in the GlobalFiler™ kit

Inoue, Hiroyuki; Manabe, Sho; Fujii, Koji; Iwashima, Yasuki; Miyama, Saori; Tanaka, Ayako; Saitoh, Hisako; Iwase, Hirotaro; Tamaki, Keiji; Sekiguchi, Kazumasa

doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2015.07.008

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…The degradation or mixing of DNA in remains, and missing tested family members has exacerbated the problems associated with kinship analysis [87]. Full siblings can be identified by adding STR markers [88], existing STR typing systems are often ineffective for more distant kinship, such as secondary kinship. Therefore, more genetic markers are required, including SNPs, in order to enhance detection ability within complex kinship analysis.…”

Section: Complex Kinship and Biogeographic Inferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Human Remains from 20th Century Warfare: A State of the Field Essay

Xu¹,

Allen²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)

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As we continually reflect on the wars of the 20th century, identification of the remains of victims takes an increasingly prominent position in ongoing research. Existing work on the identification of human remains from 20th century wars primarily covers the determination of phenotypic characteristics, kinship and geographic origins, supporting the establishment of genetic information databases. Compared with standard forensic methods, DNA analyses have revealed greater effectiveness. The process of DNA analysis includes DNA extraction, genetic marker testing and data analysis. Protocols from ancient DNA research can be applied to degraded remains, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques can compensate for shortcomings in the most commonly-used PCR-capillary electrophoresis typing. As it stands, wide-ranging inter-governmental and inter-institutional collaboration is necessary in order to set up NGS-based public databases, and thereby promote the identification of human remains and archaeological forensics.

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Section: Complex Kinship and Biogeographic Inferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Human Remains from 20th Century Warfare: A State of the Field Essay

Xu¹,

Allen²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)

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“…In forensic genetics, short tandem repeats (STRs) on autosomes is the frequently-used genetic markers in the mainstream at present [1,2]. The stochastic ITO transition matrices provided by Li and Sacks in 1954 is a traditional methods to obtain the joint STR genotype distribution and genotypic correlations between any specified pair of noninbred relatives [3,4]. However, the sibling identification is complicated, and the conclusions risk uncertainties in some cases, because the potential intimate kinship between the two individuals involved in the kinship testing may limit the amount of genetic information that is usable for the identification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Application of ITO Analysis in Secondary Kinship Identification

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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Objective. As the methods of the paternity and kinship testing have been developed, the second-degree and more distant relationships remain challenging in forensic science. Currently, the ITO method is the mainstream method to clarify the kinship between two individuals. Methods. In this study, the ITO algorithm was used to calculate the uncle-nephew index based on 55 autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) loci that were universally used for forensic identification. 19 STRs loci in Y chromosome were used for verification of the kinship. Results. The cumulative uncle-nephew index between A and B was calculated to 0.993 by the analysis of the genotyping results of 21 STRs. When genotyping results of the other 34 STRs were added to the calculation algorithm, the cumulative uncle-nephew index between A and B was promoted to 227.928. Meanwhile, genotyping results of 17 Y-STRs loci showed that A and B shared the same Y-STRs haplotype that was in accord with the paternal inheritance law. Conclusion. The biological uncle-nephew relationship between A and B are identified by applying the statistical principles and genetic technologies.

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“…In kinship testing, the level of genotypic similarity between individuals at genetic markers is used to assess their degree of familial relationship. In fact, paternity and first-degree relationships, such as full-siblings, can be identified by current commonly used forensic short tandem repeats (STRs) [1][2][3]. However, discrimination of second-degree and more distant relationships, which is frequently necessary in legal proceedings, remains challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%