“…Competition from nestmates over food is arguably one of the most important factors that influence young because competition for food often influences energy acquisition that is necessary for growth and development. Competition among nestmates is typical for species that raise offspring in broods, and the degree of competition can be a function of resource availability (Morandini & Ferrer, 2015), parent quality (Saino, Calza, & Moller, 1997;Smiseth, Ward, & Moore, 2007), and the number and characteristics of competing young (Godfray, 1995). In vertebrates, brood size can have strong consequences on some aspects of the offspring phenotype, such as body size and growth (Nilsson & Gardmark, 2001;Vitousek, Jenkins, Hubbard, Kaiser, & Safran, 2017).…”