Sialyloligosaccharides content in colostrum and milk of two goat breeds

Claps, Salvatore; Napoli, Maria Antonietta Di; Sepe, L.; Caputo, Anna; Rufrano, Domenico; Trana, Adriana Carmen Di; Annicchiarico, G.; Fedele, V.

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.12.024

Cited by 34 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…So we can suggest that both in goat ST6GAL1 could act in the biosynthesis of 6′SL and ST3GAL4 plus ST3GAL1 and ST3GAL6 in the biosynthesis of 3′SL. Our results agree with the literature both because higher OS concentrations have been reported in colostrum than in late lactation in different animal species and given that some oligosaccharide profile analyses indicated how 3′-sialylactose is more abundant than the 6′-sialylactose in colostrum and late lactation goat milk [105, 133]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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RNA-Sequencing for profiling goat milk transcriptome in colostrum and mature milk

Crisà

Ferré

Chillemi³

et al. 2016

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundIn this work we aimed at sequencing and assembling the goat milk transcriptome corresponding at colostrum and 120 days of lactation. To reconstruct transcripts we used both the genome as reference, and a de novo assembly approach. Additionally, we aimed at identifying the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two lactation stages and at analyzing the expression of genes involved in oligosaccharides metabolism.ResultsA total of 44,635 different transcripts, organized in 33,757 tentative genes, were obtained using the goat genome as reference. A significant sequence similarity match was found for 40,353 transcripts (90%) against the NCBI NT and for 35,701 (80%) against the NR databases. 68% and 69% of the de novo assembled transcripts, in colostrum and 120 days of lactation samples respectively, have a significant match with the merged transcriptome obtained using Cufflinks/Cuffmerge. CSN2, PAEP, CSN1S2, CSN3, LALBA, TPT1, FTH1, M-SAA3, SPP1, GLYCAM1, EEF1A1, CTSD, FASN, RPS29, CSN1S1, KRT19 and CHEK1 were found between the top fifteen highly expressed genes. 418 loci were differentially expressed between lactation stages, among which 207 and 122 were significantly up- and down-regulated in colostrum, respectively. Functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis showed that in goat colostrum somatic cells predominate biological processes involved in glycolysis, carbohydrate metabolism, defense response, cytokine activity, regulation of cell proliferation and cell death, vasculature development, while in mature milk, biological process associated with positive regulation of lymphocyte activation and anatomical structure morphogenesis are enriched. The analysis of 144 different oligosaccharide metabolism-related genes showed that most of these (64%) were more expressed in colostrum than in mature milk, with eight expressed at very high levels (SLCA3, GMSD, NME2, SLC2A1, B4GALT1, B3GNT2, NANS, HEXB).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study comparing goat transcriptome of two lactation stages: colostrum and 120 days. Our findings suggest putative differences of expression between stages and can be envisioned as a base for further research in the topic. Moreover because a higher expression of genes involved in immune defense response, carbohydrate metabolism and related to oligosaccharide metabolism was identified in colostrum we here corroborate the potential of goat milk as a natural source of lactose-derived oligosaccharides and for the development of functional foods.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0881-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Moreover we found the polysaccharides and glycosaminoglycan binding molecular function enriched in colostrum sample. This suggests a possible support to the oligosaccharides metabolism whose concentration has been reported to decrease from colostrum to late lactation stage in goat milk [105]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

RNA-Sequencing for profiling goat milk transcriptome in colostrum and mature milk

Crisà

Ferré

Chillemi³

et al. 2016

BMC Vet Res

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“…A total of 78 compounds were identified as oligosaccharides, 59 of which have been confirmed by their MS/MS spectrum. These results indicate that GCO show greater complexity compared to those of other domestic animals [3,4,9,15,19,31]. Similar nano-LC profiles were observed among the samples analyzed (see Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…To the best of our knowledge, these results show the greatest number of acidic OS found in goat milk, also including a higher Neu5Gc presence than that reported in previous studies (54.8% vs. 29.4%) [4,19,31]. …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Human milk OS have been successfully analyzed by normal phase [11] and reverse phase LC [11–13], although a previous derivatization step is required to improve carbohydrates retention [14]. High performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) provides better separation without a previous derivatization step and it has been widely used for goat milk OS characterization and quantitation [2,15–19]. However, the complex profiles obtained for OS mixtures with different linkage variants and the use of high pH and high salts concentrations in mobile phases make this technique not compatible with mass spectrometry (MS), impairing their complete characterization [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of goat colostrum oligosaccharides by nano-liquid chromatography on chip quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry

Martín-Ortiz

salcedo

Barile

et al. 2016

Journal of Chromatography A

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A detailed qualitative and quantitative characterization of goat colostrum oligosaccharides (GCO) has been carried out for the first time. Defatted and deproteinized colostrum samples, previously treated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to remove lactose, were analyzed by nanoflow liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (Nano-LC-Chip-Q-TOF MS). Up to 78 oligosaccharides containing hexose, hexosamine, fucose, N-acetylneuraminic acid or N-glycolylneuraminic acid monomeric units were identified in the samples, some of them detected for the first time in goat colostra. As a second step, a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS) methodology was developed for the separation and quantitation of the main GCO, both acidic and neutral carbohydrates. Among other experimental chromatographic conditions, mobile phase additives and column temperature were evaluated in terms of retention time, resolution, peak width and symmetry of target carbohydrates. Narrow peaks (wh: 0.2–0.6 min) and good symmetry (As: 0.8–1.4) were obtained for GCO using an acetonitrile:water gradient with 0.1% ammonium hydroxide at 40 °C. These conditions were selected to quantify the main oligosaccharides in goat colostrum samples. Values ranging from 140 to 315 mg L−1 for neutral oligosaccharides and from 83 to 251 mg L−1 for acidic oligosaccharides were found. The combination of both techniques resulted to be useful to achieve a comprehensive characterization of GCO.

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