Sialography: a pictorial review

Kandula, Srinivas; Nagi, Ravleen; Rakesh, N

doi:10.1007/s11282-022-00668-1

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This allows for images with high spatial resolution making it easier to identify second-and third-order ducts. 7 In patients diagnosed with pSS, common abnormalities found on sialography include ductal strictures, ductal dilatations, diminished intraglandular ducts, or destruction of the gland parenchyma. 29,30 Additionally, studies have found sialography can also substitute as a salivary lavage, playing a therapeutic role by clearing debris within salivary ducts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional sialography delineates the salivary ductal system in its entirety using the instillation of radiocontrast with concurrent dynamic fluoroscopic imaging. This allows for images with high spatial resolution making it easier to identify second‐ and third‐order ducts 7 . In patients diagnosed with pSS, common abnormalities found on sialography include ductal strictures, ductal dilatations, diminished intraglandular ducts, or destruction of the gland parenchyma 29,30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 As the disease progresses, normal gland parenchyma is destroyed and replaced with cystic and solid masses that indicate adipose infiltration and lymphoid aggregates, respectively. 7 Although common symptoms include oral and ocular dryness, salivary gland pain and swelling, patients may also present with extraglandular manifestations including involvement of the nervous system, pulmonary complications, associated vasculitis, and arthropathy. 6,8 SS is divided into primary and secondary subtypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although its pathogenesis is largely unknown, it is characterized by chronic lymphocytic infiltration of glandular tissue which eventually promotes autoantibody production 5,6 . As the disease progresses, normal gland parenchyma is destroyed and replaced with cystic and solid masses that indicate adipose infiltration and lymphoid aggregates, respectively 7 . Although common symptoms include oral and ocular dryness, salivary gland pain and swelling, patients may also present with extraglandular manifestations including involvement of the nervous system, pulmonary complications, associated vasculitis, and arthropathy 6,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sialendoscopy Findings Associated with Positive Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy

Bertram,

Nieri,

Reed

et al. 2023

The Laryngoscope

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ObjectivesTo determine the sialendoscopy findings associated with positive findings on minor salivary gland biopsy.Study DesignSingle‐center retrospective study.MethodsPatients ≥18 years old who underwent sialendoscopy from 2016 to 2022 and were evaluated for SS via labial minor salivary gland biopsy. Biopsy positive and negative patients were compared on the primary outcome measure of sialendoscopy findings. Data were abstracted from the sialendoscopy operative notes and included involved gland, location of ductal pathology, and the presence of scarring, stenosis, mucus plugs, webs, and dilations. Additional characteristics included demographics, presenting symptoms, caffeine or tobacco, use of drying medications, and need for additional treatments.ResultsThe final cohorts included 22 biopsy positive and 21 biopsy negative patients with a total of 42 glands in the biopsy positive and 37 glands in the biopsy negative groups. Biopsy positive patients were found to require dilation at the hilum and distal duct at significantly higher rates than biopsy negative patients (p < 0.0001). However, there was no statistical difference in scarring, stenosis severity, mucus, webs, or dilations between each group.ConclusionThe outcomes of this study suggest that there are no distinct sialendoscopy findings associated with biopsy positive patients. The presence of significant distal stenosis on sialendoscopy may be associated with positive minor salivary biopsy. Other endoscopic parameters are likely more consistent with non‐specific chronic sialadenitis.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 2023

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sialendoscopy Findings Associated with Positive Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy

Bertram,

Nieri,

Reed

et al. 2023

The Laryngoscope

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Imaging of the Major Salivary Glands in Rheumatic Disease

Mar,

Fairchild

2024

Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America

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Stensen’s Duct Dynamic Anatomy Assessed with Sialography

Wenzel,

Thorpe,

Maley

et al. 2024

Ear Nose Throat J

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Objectives: The presence of a catheter required for contrast infusion during sialography obscures imaging of the distal duct. Static imaging via cone beam computed tomography and magnetic resonance sialography fails to address changes that occur dynamically to the anatomy of the flexible salivary ductal system. We aim to identify dynamic changes to the parotid gland by introducing a novel approach to analyze the full extent of Stensen’s duct based on dynamic infusion digital sialography. Methods: Retrospective chart review of a single-center consecutive series of 409 parotid sialograms performed between April 2008 and June 2023 permitted selection of a contemporary series including seven normal sialograms and seven sialograms with stricture(s). Dynamic (fluoroscopic) infusion (iopamidol/gadolinium) sialograms were assessed through blinded review by two radiologists employing the institution’s picture archiving and communication (PACS) system (©2023 Koninklijke Philips N.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands). Measurements determined changes, in two dimensions, to the angle of the masseteric bend and duct length while the catheter was in place (repose), during catheter withdrawal (stretch), and during recoil after withdrawal. Differences in median lengths and angles of Stensen’s duct between the three time points were compared using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank and Mann–Whitney tests. Results: Fourteen patients [median age (IQR), 55 years (24.7); 10 women] were evaluated. The median angle of the masseteric bend was 117.7° in repose versus 155.4° during catheter withdrawal ( P < .001, n = 14). The median distance measured from the Stensen’s duct orifice to the first major ductal bifurcation was 81.5 mm (IQR = 12.3) in repose. The median percent increase in length from repose to stretch was 6.3% ( P < .001, n = 14). Conclusions: Dynamic infusion digital sialography with fluoroscopic recording during catheter removal permits assessment of the distal duct unobstructed by the presence of a catheter. The technique also identifies the dynamic nature and varying length and angulation of Stensen’s duct.

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Sialography: a pictorial review

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Sialendoscopy Findings Associated with Positive Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy

Sialendoscopy Findings Associated with Positive Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy

Imaging of the Major Salivary Glands in Rheumatic Disease

Stensen’s Duct Dynamic Anatomy Assessed with Sialography

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