Conventional electronic Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) accelerators focus
on architecture design and numerical computation optimization to improve the
training efficiency. However, these approaches have recently encountered
bottlenecks in terms of energy efficiency and computing performance, which
leads to an increase interest in photonic accelerator. Photonic
architectures with low energy consumption, high transmission speed and high
bandwidth have been considered as an important role for generation of
computing architectures. In this paper, to provide a better understanding of
optical technology used in ANN acceleration, we present a comprehensive
review for the efficient photonic computing and communication in ANN
accelerators. The related photonic devices are investigated in terms of the
application in ANNs acceleration, and a classification of existing solutions
is proposed that are categorized into optical computing acceleration and
optical communication acceleration according to photonic effects and
photonic architectures. Moreover, we discuss the challenges for these
photonic neural network acceleration approaches to highlight the most
promising future research opportunities in this field.