Shyness and Sociability Beyond Emerging Adulthood: Implications for Understanding the Developmental Sequelae of Shyness Subtypes

Shyness, aggression, and empathy in children of shy mothers: Moderating influence of children's psychophysiological self‐regulation

“…Due to known correlates of shyness in adulthood (Cheek & Buss, ; Poole et al, ; Schmidt & Fox, ; Tang et al, ), it is important to consider that maternal shyness might be inter‐related with other maternal factors that could contribute to the child's outcomes. To account for this, we collected maternal‐level factors of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and parenting distress via self‐report.…”

“…Shyness reflects an anxious preoccupation with the self in real or perceived social situations (Cheek & Melchior, 1990). In adults, shyness has been linked to social anxiety, depression, and withdrawn behavior (Cheek & Buss, 1981;Poole, Van Lieshout, & Schmidt, 2017;Schmidt & Fox, 1995) as well as family dysfunction and antisocial personality qualities (Tang et al, 2017). Although shyness has been researched in the context of its effects on the shy individual in question, we know relatively little about how an individual's shyness might have an impact on those around them.…”

Inhibitory control in typically developing preschoolers: Relations among temperament, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and behavior at age 4

“…For example, in the temperament literature, individuals characterized by an approach-avoidance conflict in social situations have been classified as socially conflicted, and they are at greater risk for social anxiety disorder (Poole et al, 2017b), experience more anxiety during social interactions (Cheek & Buss, 1981), and engage in more substance use (Page, 1990;Poole et al, 2017a). There is evidence in the areas of temperament and emotion suggesting that discordance can be maladaptive.…”

“…of emotion represents emotionally healthy responding, while discordance indicates an improperly functioning emotion system and/or is indicative of psychopathology (Ekman, 1999). Individuals who are classified as "conflicted shy"-wanting to engage socially but being too anxious to do so-experience more behavioral anxiety during social interactions (Cheek & Buss, 1981), have higher rates of substance use and misuse (Page, 1990;Poole, Lieshout, & Schmidt, 2017a;Santesso, Schmidt, & Fox, 2004), and are at elevated risk for social anxiety disorder (Poole, Lieshout, & Schmidt, 2017b). We also see the negative impact of discordance in approach-avoidance conflict scenarios (Brown, 1957), specifically with respect to temperamental shyness.…”

Longitudinal Associations Among Child Maltreatment, Resting Frontal Electroencephalogram Asymmetry, and Adolescent Shyness

“…Each item is rated on a scale from 0 (extremely uncharacteristic) to 4 (extremely characteristic), and mean scores for each scale are calculated. The original scale, (Bruch et al, 1989;Cheek & Buss, 1981) as well as the five-item measure, have excellent psychometrics and have been widely used (see Poole, Van Lieshout, & Schmidt, 2017).…”