Shyness and sociability among extremely low birth weight survivors in the third and fourth decades of life: Associations with relationship status

Xu, Richard; Poole, Kristie L.; Lieshout, Ryan J. Van; Saigal, Saroj

doi:10.1111/jopy.12385

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Because of the higher rates of psychological problems (Mathewson et al, 2017), cautiousness (Waxman et al, 2013), and shyness (Schmidt et al, 2008; Xu et al, 2019) observed into adulthood among ELBW survivors, it is surprising that ELBW individuals did not report higher inhibition in their 30s. One potential explanation for this finding is that shyness, cautiousness, and behavioral inhibition represent fundamentally different constructs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, while the short-term stability of the BIS/BAS scales over 2 (Carver & White, 1994) and 6 (Sutton & Davidson, 1997) months is modest to very good (with correlations of .59 to .87, respectively), the long-term stability of the BIS/BAS scales beyond 6 months, to the best of our knowledge, has not been explored. Because constructs conceptually and empirically related to BIS/BAS (e.g., shyness and sociability, respectively) are known to remain stable over a 10-year period in ELBW and NBW adults (Waxman et al, 2013; Xu et al, 2019), we predicted that the BIS/BAS scales would also remain stable between ages 22–26 and 30–35 years.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Personality differences have been found between adults born at ELBW and those born at term. For example, ELBW adult survivors are known to present with personalities characterized by greater behavioral inhibition (Schmidt, Miskovic, Boyle, & Saigal, 2008), cautiousness (Waxman, Van Lieshout, Saigal, Boyle, & Schmidt, 2013), and shyness (Xu, Poole, Van Lieshout, Saigal, & Schmidt, 2019), and report less sensation seeking in their early 20s (Allin et al, 2006). However, it remains largely unclear whether these differences persist beyond young adulthood in this population.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Behavioral Inhibition and Activation (BIS/BAS) Among Extremely Low Birth Weight Adult Survivors

Hassan

Lieshout

Saigal

2020

Journal of Individual Differences

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Abstract. Although individual differences in behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation (BIS/BAS) are associated with differential risk of psychopathology in typical development, and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) survivors experience higher rates of psychopathology, measures of BIS/BAS have been largely unexplored in this population. As well, apparently no studies have examined the long-term stability of BIS/BAS in typical or atypical development. Ninety-nine ELBW survivors and 86 normal birth weight (NBW) control participants completed a measure of BIS/BAS at ages 22–26 and 30–35 years. At age 30–35 years we found that ELBW survivors scored lower on the BAS scale than NBW controls, but did not differ on the BIS scale. We also found evidence for long-term stability of BIS/BAS at the individual and rank-order levels, but not at the mean-level. These results highlight the importance of considering stability of motivational aspects of personality and also add to our understanding of how individual differences in these motivational tendencies may underlie psychopathology among ELBW survivors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral Inhibition and Activation (BIS/BAS) Among Extremely Low Birth Weight Adult Survivors

Hassan

Lieshout

Saigal

2020

Journal of Individual Differences

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“…In the clinical history, diazoxide-responsiveness was defined as the ability to achieve elevated intravenous glucose and maintain normoglycemia ( 12 ). Low birth weight was determined based on birth weight adjusted by the gestational age ( 13 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Genetic Mutations in a Large Cohort of Iranian Patients with Congenital Hyperinsulinism

Razzaghy-Azar

Saeedi

Dayani

et al. 2022

Jcrpe

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Objective: Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is the most frequent cause of severe and persistent hypoglycaemia from birth. Understanding the pathophysiology and genetic defects behind hyperinsulinism and its complications provides clues to timely diagnosis and management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the underlying genetic aetiology of a specific Iranian pediatric cohort with CHI. Methods: A total of 44 unrelated children, 20 girls and 24 boys, with an initial diagnosis or history of CHI from all regions of Iran were recruited between 2016 and 2019. Targeted next generation sequencing (tNGS) was performed for the genes found in about half of CHI patients. Results: Mutations were identified in 24 cases (55%). Patients with a confirmed genetic cause were mainly diagnosed below age of one year old (p=0.01), had fewer other syndromic features, excluding seizure, (p=0.03), were less diazoxide responsive (p=0.04) and were more diazoxide unresponsive leading to pancreatectomy (p=0.007) compared to those with no identified mutations. Among 24 patients with identified genetic mutations, 17 (71%) had a mutation in ABCC8 , 3 (12%) in KCNJ11 , 3 (12%) in HADH , and 1 patient had a mutation in KMT2D . These included five novel mutations in ABCC8, KCNJ11 , and KMT2D . Conclusion: This is the biggest genetic study of CHI in Iran. A high frequency of recessive forms of CHI, especially HADH mutations, in our study could be due to a high rate of consanguineous marriage. We recommend tNGS to screen for all the CHI genes.

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“…Additional work has found that prematurity (Tessier, Nadeau, Boivin, & Tremblay, 1997) and prenatal corticosteroid exposure (betamethasone; Erni, Shaqiri, La Marca, Zimmermann, & Ehlert, 2012) are correlated with more social withdrawal and social-evaluative stress, respectively, in childhood (age 10–12 years). Still other studies have found that lower birth weight was associated with higher levels of introversion (Allin et al, 2006; Hertz, Mathiasen, Hansen, Mortensen, & Greisen, 2013; Pesonen et al, 2008), behavioral inhibition (Pyhälä et al, 2009), social withdrawal (Eryigit-Madzwamuse, Strauss, Baumann, Bartmannm, & Wolke, 2015; Hack et al, 2004) and shyness in young adulthood (early 20s; Schmidt, Miskovic, Boyle, & Saigal, 2008) and adulthood (early 30s; Waxman, Van Lieshout, Saigal, Boyle, & Schmidt, 2013; Xu Poole, Van Lieshout, Saigal, & Schmidt, 2018), as well as harm avoidance in later adulthood (age 60 years; Lahti et al, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

Developmental programming of shyness: A longitudinal, prospective study across four decades

2019

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Although shyness is a ubiquitous phenomenon with early developmental origins, little research has examined the influence of prenatal exposures on the developmental trajectory of shyness. Here, we examined trajectories of shyness from childhood to adulthood in three groups (N = 254), with varying degrees of prenatal adversity as indicated by the number of stressful exposures: extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1000 g) survivors prenatally exposed to exogenous corticosteroids (ELBW+S, n = 56); ELBW survivors not prenatally exposed to exogenous corticosteroids (ELBW+NS, n = 56); and normal birth weight (NBW, n = 142) controls. Multilevel modeling revealed that the ELBW+S individuals exhibited the highest levels of childhood shyness, which remained stable into adulthood. The ELBW+NS and NBW controls had comparably low levels of childhood shyness; however, the ELBW+NS individuals experienced patterns of increasing shyness, while NBW controls displayed decreases in shyness into adulthood. We speculate that individuals exposed to multiple prenatal stressors (i.e., ELBW+S) may be developmentally programmed to be more sensitive to detecting social threat, with one manifestation being early developing, stable shyness, while increasing shyness among ELBW+NS individuals may reflect a later developing shyness influenced by postnatal context. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the developmental origins and developmental course of human shyness from childhood through adulthood.

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Shyness and sociability among extremely low birth weight survivors in the third and fourth decades of life: Associations with relationship status

Abstract: Relatively higher shyness among ELBW survivors in adulthood suggests that stressful pre- and early postnatal environments may have lasting effects on personality development. However, later social influences such as relationship status may attenuate some types of shyness in adulthood.

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Behavioral Inhibition and Activation (BIS/BAS) Among Extremely Low Birth Weight Adult Survivors

Behavioral Inhibition and Activation (BIS/BAS) Among Extremely Low Birth Weight Adult Survivors

Investigating Genetic Mutations in a Large Cohort of Iranian Patients with Congenital Hyperinsulinism

Developmental programming of shyness: A longitudinal, prospective study across four decades

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