Show me your tenent setae and I tell you who you are – Telling the story of a neglected character complex with phylogenetic signals using Leiodidae (Coleoptera) as a case study

Gnaspini, Pedro; Antunes-Carvalho, Caio; Newton, Alfred F.; Leschen, Richard A. B.

doi:10.1016/j.asd.2017.06.004

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Note: Herein we introduce the term “discal setae” for those modified setae sometimes present in Coleoptera on the ventral surface of (mostly) protarsomeres and traditionally called “adhesive” or “tenent setae” (see Stork, and Gnaspini et al., , for further references). We aim to differentiate them from the “marginal setae” (see below) as nonhomologous structures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…diamantinus, one of the most enigmatic clades of the NT lineage due to their widened protarsomeres with discal setae on the ventral side--the socalled "tenent" or "adhesive" setae of previous authors (e.g. Stork, 1980;Gnaspini et al, 2017aGnaspini et al, , 2017b; (iv) the Paederomimus group 3, here resolved as the clade containing the type species of the genus; and (v) the Musicoderus clade, which appears well supported and phylogenetically distant from the "true Belonuchus", and was recovered within a more inclusive clade, which is referred to here as the "Paederomimus complex". As already acknowledged, we are aware of restrictions imposed by our taxon sampling, so we are cautious about proposing broader limits or sistergroup relationships for any of these groups other than those already discussed above.…”

Section: Monophyly Of the Nt Lineage Early Diversification And Main mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The configuration of protarsi involves two independent but associated characters that occur in and out of Philonthina (e.g. Chani‐Posse, ; Gnaspini et al., , ): the expansion, dilatation or width of protarsomeres and the presence/absence of modified adhesive setae on their ventral surface. These characters and their states have proved to be useful for defining natural groups not only within Philonthina (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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To be biased or to be Neotropical: systematic reassessment of a megadiverse lineage of rove‐beetles (Philonthina, Staphylinini, Staphylininae)

Chani-Posse

Ramírez‐Salamanca

2019

Cladistics

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Classifications in the world's tropics often involve an early and sustained adoption of Holarctic‐based patterns. Such is the case of the megadiverse subtribe Philonthina and its Neotropical (NT) members, for which generic limits are ill‐defined due to an alleged high level of homoplasy. Although a recent total‐evidence study confirmed the monophyly of a NT lineage, most of its species are assigned to the speciose genera Belonuchus Nordmann and Paederomimus Sharp, neither of them monophyletic. Here, we aim to reveal internal relationships within the NT lineage by the reassessment of characters from traditional morphology‐based systematics. Specific objectives are to test the monophyly of Belonuchus with regards to its only junior synonym, Musicoderus Sharp, as well as the placement of the six South American species of Hesperus Fauvel, a genus of Holarctic origin. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of the subtribe with focus on its NT lineage based on 132 morphological characters (50 of them novel) including 79 taxa from genera and/or species groups relevant to our study. Most novel characters assessed herein supported clades across Philonthina and its NT lineage. We found that the NT lineage diversified into at least seven clades, each of which provides a framework for future taxonomic studies. Among them, three clades containing the type species of Belonuchus, Paederomimus and Musicoderus (respectively) appear to be well supported and not closely related. The currently known South American species of Hesperus, however, are recovered within the NT lineage. We propose to resurrect Musicoderus from synonymy with Belonuchus and to transfer Hesperus novoteutonicus to Paederomimus as a new combination: Paederomimus novoteutonicus (Wendeler), comb.n.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monophyly Of the Nt Lineage Early Diversification And Main mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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To be biased or to be Neotropical: systematic reassessment of a megadiverse lineage of rove‐beetles (Philonthina, Staphylinini, Staphylininae)

Chani-Posse

Ramírez‐Salamanca

2019

Cladistics

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“…However, this seems to be not the case in Platypsyllus . The thick and expanded setae found on all five tarsomeres of both pro‐ and mesotarsi in both sexes might be directly related to the specific lifestyle of the beaver beetle (Gnaspini et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unique case of commensalism: The beaver beetle Platypsyllus castoris (Leiodidae, Coleoptera) and its morphological adaptations

Yavorskaya¹,

Jałoszyński

Beutel

2022

Journal of Morphology

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Platypsyllus castoris is closely associated with beavers and displays a unique set of structural specializations. We document the morphology of adults with modern techniques, and interpret evolutionary changes linked with the specific life style. The small subfamily Platypsyllinae has evolved an entire suite of features correlated with a more or less close association with mammals, for instance a flattened body, a dorsal cephalic shield, flightlessness, eye reduction, and depigmentation. Within this small group, Platypsyllus displays numerous autapomorphic features, correlated with a close association with the beaver. Essential is a combination of mechanical stabilization and firm anchorage on the host, and efficient forward movement in the fur. Exo‐ and endoskeletal structures of the head and thorax are reinforced by vertical cuticular columns and by an array of internal ridges. The antennae are shortened and strongly modified, the mandibles distinctly reduced and flattened, unsuitable for cutting, scraping or grinding. The musculature of the mouthparts is simplified, whereas an enhanced set of prepharyngeal and pharyngeal dilators forms an efficient sucking pump. The prothoracic musculature is strongly developed. In contrast, the pterothoracic muscle system is distinctly simplified, even though leg muscles are strongly developed. Using the legs, the flattened beetles move sideways through the dense fur of the beaver, using posteriorly directed groups of setae and ctenidia to prevent being pushed backwards by the densely arranged hairs. In contrast to the anterior body, the cuticle of the abdomen is thin, and the entire tagma flexible, with thin layers of segmental muscles. The hind gut is not connected with the mid gut. The beetles probably consume liquid, possibly with emulgated minute skin debris. As the morphology of the mouthparts excludes damage to the skin of the host, the association should not be addressed as ectoparasitic but as commensalism.

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“…In insects, the hairy structures consist of deformable adhesive setae, typically originating from the tarsus itself ( Figure 2 ) and occur in different groups of insects. They are common in Coleoptera (e.g., [ 75 – 95 ]), Dermaptera (e.g., [ 96 ]), Megaloptera [ 1 , 97 – 98 ], Strepsiptera [ 1 , 99 ], Mantophasmatodea [ 2 , 59 ], and Diptera (e.g., [ 56 , 60 , 100 – 107 ]). In stick insects (Phasmatodea) [ 108 – 109 ] and true bugs (Heteroptera) [ 90 , 110 – 121 ], some species are reported to have hairy attachment structures, although the majority of the taxa have smooth ones ( Figure 3 ).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review

Büscher¹,

Gorb²

2021

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Adhesive pads are functional systems with specific micro- and nanostructures which evolved as a response to specific environmental conditions and therefore exhibit convergent traits. The functional constraints that shape systems for the attachment to a surface are general requirements. Different strategies to solve similar problems often follow similar physical principles, hence, the morphology of attachment devices is affected by physical constraints. This resulted in two main types of attachment devices in animals: hairy and smooth. They differ in morphology and ultrastructure but achieve mechanical adaptation to substrates with different roughness and maximise the actual contact area with them. Species-specific environmental surface conditions resulted in different solutions for the specific ecological surroundings of different animals. As the conditions are similar in discrete environments unrelated to the group of animals, the micro- and nanostructural adaptations of the attachment systems of different animal groups reveal similar mechanisms. Consequently, similar attachment organs evolved in a convergent manner and different attachment solutions can occur within closely related lineages. In this review, we present a summary of the literature on structural and functional principles of attachment pads with a special focus on insects, describe micro- and nanostructures, surface patterns, origin of different pads and their evolution, discuss the material properties (elasticity, viscoelasticity, adhesion, friction) and basic physical forces contributing to adhesion, show the influence of different factors, such as substrate roughness and pad stiffness, on contact forces, and review the chemical composition of pad fluids, which is an important component of an adhesive function. Attachment systems are omnipresent in animals. We show parallel evolution of attachment structures on micro- and nanoscales at different phylogenetic levels, focus on insects as the largest animal group on earth, and subsequently zoom into the attachment pads of the stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea) to explore convergent evolution of attachment pads at even smaller scales. Since convergent events might be potentially interesting for engineers as a kind of optimal solution by nature, the biomimetic implications of the discussed results are briefly presented.

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Show me your tenent setae and I tell you who you are – Telling the story of a neglected character complex with phylogenetic signals using Leiodidae (Coleoptera) as a case study

Cited by 11 publications

References 53 publications

To be biased or to be Neotropical: systematic reassessment of a megadiverse lineage of rove‐beetles (Philonthina, Staphylinini, Staphylininae)

To be biased or to be Neotropical: systematic reassessment of a megadiverse lineage of rove‐beetles (Philonthina, Staphylinini, Staphylininae)

A unique case of commensalism: The beaver beetle Platypsyllus castoris (Leiodidae, Coleoptera) and its morphological adaptations

Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review

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