Shovelomics root traits assessed on the EURoot maize panel are highly heritable across environments but show low genotype-by-nitrogen interaction

Marié, Chantal A. Le; York, Larry M.; Strigens, Alexander; Malosetti, Marcos; Camp, Karl-Heinz; Giuliani, Silvia; Lynch, Jonathan P.; Hund, Andreas

doi:10.1007/s10681-019-2472-8

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Host traits that mediate interactions with microbes are heritable. Researchers have measured the heritability of host traits that mediate interactions with microbes (Le Marié et al, 2019), but also directly measured heritability of microbiomes (Peiffer et al, 2013;Schweitzer et al, 2008;Simonsen & Stinchcombe, 2014;Walters et al, 2018). For example, heritability of root microbiomes in maize range from 0.15 to 0.25 (Walters et al, 2018), and work in poplar demonstrated up to 78% of the variation in the root microbiome was explained by clonal genotype (Schweitzer et al, 2008).…”

Section: Box 1 the Tenets Of Natural Selection Applied To Microbe-mediated Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbe‐mediated adaptation in plants

2021

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Plant-associated microbes affect a wide-variety of plant functional traits, and thus they likely affect patterns of plant local adaptation. However, the role of microbes in plant local adaptation is rarely tested. In a survey of the plant local adaptation literature, I found that the vast majority of studies that report local adaptation (94%) performed transplants into microbe-containing soils and measured traits that are microbemediated. In these studies, microbe-mediated effects are confounded with plant genotype effects. For my dissertation research, I sought to describe the phenomenon of microbe-mediated adaptation and provide a definitive test using a modified reciprocal transplant experiments that moved seeds and microbes into two habitats. Here I present my dissertation work in three chapters:In my first chapter, I propose two ways in which microbes facilitate patterns of adaptation for plants, microbe-mediated local adaptation and microbe-mediated adaptive plasticity. Microbe-mediated local adaptation is when plant genotypes have higher fitness at their home site because of a genotype-specific affiliation with locally important microbe(s). Microbe-mediated adaptive plasticity is when a plant genotype has higher fitness in multiple habitats because it demonstrates plasticity in associating with locally important microbes.In my second chapter, I describe soil conditions, plant phenotype, and microbial communities in two habitats. I used high-throughput tagged amplicon sequencing of SSU-rRNA genes (for bacteria) and ITS1 (for fungi) to characterize the root microbiome of Saint John's wort, Hypericum perforatum. At each root sampling location, I quantified soil characteristics to evaluate habitat variables that are correlated with root microbial communities. I also collected information on plant growth and fecundity for each focal plant to identify microbes that are correlated with plant phenotype. We found that bacterial and fungal communities were significantly different between habitats. Community differences were correlated with soil nitrogen and pH, and two taxa in the phylum Actinobacteria were significantly correlated with plant height.In my third chapter, I test for microbe-mediated adaptation using the two habitats, limestone barrens (alvars) and old-fields, described in chapter two. I conducted reciprocal transplant experiments in two years, exploring microbe effects on plant germination, survival, and growth. I found that alvar seeds had higher probability of germination when transplanted into home soils with microbes, but only when transplanted into their home habitat. Similarly, alvar seedlings had a higher probability of survival when transplanted into their home live soils, but here transplant site was unimportant. I also found local microbes inhibited local adaptation for old-field seedlings and facilitated local adaptation for alvar seedlings. My results indicate that microbial mutualists were important for plants growing in marginal alvar habitats, and that microbes changed patterns of local...

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Section: Box 1 the Tenets Of Natural Selection Applied To Microbe-mediated Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbe‐mediated adaptation in plants

2021

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“…However, where roots were creating macropores as they grew, with no pre-existing macropores, there was induced compaction. Generally, rooting depth has low heritability and is an environment-specific trait [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Morphological Traits and Their Responses To Water Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulse Root Ideotype for Water Stress in Temperate Cropping System

Rao

Armstrong

Silva‐Pérez

et al. 2021

Plants

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Pulses are a key component of crop production systems in Southern Australia due to their rotational benefits and potential profit margins. However, cultivation in temperate cropping systems such as that of Southern Australia is limited by low soil water availability and subsoil constraints. This limitation of soil water is compounded by the irregular rainfall, resulting in the absence of plant available water at depth. An increase in the productivity of key pulses and expansion into environments and soil types traditionally considered marginal for their growth will require improved use of the limited soil water and adaptation to sub soil constrains. Roots serve as the interface between soil constraints and the whole plant. Changes in root system architecture (RSA) can be utilised as an adaptive strategy in achieving yield potential under limited rainfall, heterogenous distribution of resources and other soil-based constraints. The existing literature has identified a “‘Steep, Deep and Cheap” root ideotype as a preferred RSA. However, this idiotype is not efficient in a temperate system where plant available water is limited at depth. In addition, this root ideotype and other root architectural studies have focused on cereal crops, which have different structures and growth patterns to pulses due to their monocotyledonous nature and determinant growth habit. The paucity of pulse-specific root architectural studies warrants further investigations into pulse RSA, which should be combined with an examination of the existing variability of known genetic traits so as to develop strategies to alleviate production constraints through either tolerance or avoidance mechanisms. This review proposes a new model of root system architecture of “Wide, Shallow and Fine” roots based on pulse roots in temperate cropping systems. The proposed ideotype has, in addition to other root traits, a root density concentrated in the upper soil layers to capture in-season rainfall before it is lost due to evaporation. The review highlights the potential to achieve this in key pulse crops including chickpea, lentil, faba bean, field pea and lupin. Where possible, comparisons to determinate crops such as cereals have also been made. The review identifies the key root traits that have shown a degree of adaptation via tolerance or avoidance to water stress and documents the current known variability that exists in and amongst pulse crops setting priorities for future research.

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“…It has been reported that the effect of root horizontal distribution on grain yield is greater than that of root horizontal distribution [15]. Under low N conditions, the root horizontal expansion decreased [16]. The RSA of modern maize varieties in China is characterized by "horizontal contraction and vertical extension", which is more suitable for planting at a higher N level [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root System Architecture Differences of Maize Cultivars Affect Yield and Nitrogen Accumulation in Southwest China

et al. 2022

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Root system architecture (RSA) plays a critical role in the acquisition of water and mineral nutrients. In order to understand the root characteristics that contribute to enhanced crop yield and N accumulation high-yielding and N efficient cultivars under N-stressed conditions. Here, grain yield, N accumulation and RSA traits of six dominant maize cultivars (CD30, ZH311, ZHg505, CD189, QY9 and RY1210) grown in the Southwestern part of China were investigated in field experiment under three different N regimes in 2019–2020; N300 (300 kg N ha−1), N150 (150 kg N ha−1) and N0 (no N supplied). Using Root Estimator for Shovelomics Traits (REST) for the quantitative analysis of maize root image obtained in the field, RSA traits including total root length (RL), root surface area (RA), root angle opening (RO), and root maximal width (RMW) were quantified in this study. The results showed that Yield, N accumulation and RSA were significantly affected by N rates, cultivars and their interactions. Grain yield, N accumulation and root weight showed a similar trend under N300 and N150 conditions compared to N0 conditions. With the input of N fertilizer, the root length, surface area, and angle increase, but root width does not increase. Under the N300 and N150 condition, RL, RA, RO and RMW increased by 17.96%, 17.74%, 18.27%, 9.22%, and20.39%, 18.58%, 19.92%, 16.79%, respectively, compared to N0 condition. CD30, ZH505 and RY1210 have similar RO and RMW, larger than other cultivars. However, ZH505 and RY1210 have 13.22% and 19.99% longer RL, and 11.41% and 5.17% larger RA than CD30. Additionally, the grain yield of ZH505 and RY1210 is 17.57% and 13.97% higher compared with CD30. The N accumulation of ZH505 and RY1210 also shows 4.55% and 9.60% higher than CD30. Correlation analysis shows that RL, RA, RO and RMW have a significant positive correlation with grain yield while RO and RMW have a significant positive correlation with N accumulation. Linear plus plateau model analysis revealed that when the RO reaches 99.53°, and the RMW reaches 15.18 cm, the N accumulation reaches its maximum value under 0–300 kg N ha−1 conditions. Therefore, selecting maize cultivars with efficient RSA suitable for different soil N inputs can achieve higher grain yield and N use efficiency.

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Shovelomics root traits assessed on the EURoot maize panel are highly heritable across environments but show low genotype-by-nitrogen interaction

Cited by 14 publications

References 61 publications

Microbe‐mediated adaptation in plants

Microbe‐mediated adaptation in plants

Pulse Root Ideotype for Water Stress in Temperate Cropping System

Root System Architecture Differences of Maize Cultivars Affect Yield and Nitrogen Accumulation in Southwest China

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