Shoulder physical activity, functional disability and task difficulties in patients with stiff shoulders: Interpretation from RT3 accelerator

Relationship of shoulder activity and skin intrinsic fluorescence with low level shoulder pain and disability in people with type 2 diabetes

“…Since people with diabetes show shoulder impairments of decreased active motion, strength, (Table 2) and often general passive range of motion (Abate et al, 2011; Schulte et al, 1993; Shah et al, 2015), we hypothesize that movement and exercise strategies targeted on stretching end range of motion, and increasing shoulder muscle strength would help to prevent or treat these gradually developing shoulder complications. In addition, shoulder activity level will need to be titrated depending upon the level of inflammation, the person’s usual activity level, and other structural impairments (Mueller & Maluf, 2002; Yang et al, 2014), Furthermore, since AGE levels were higher in participants with diabetes, and some have found a direct relationship between AGE level and musculoskeletal complications (Larkin et al, 2014; Shah et al, 2015), treatments directed at reducing or normalizing blood glucose levels throughout the course of diabetes should have a preventative effect on musculoskeletal complications. Additional research is needed to follow these musculoskeletal changes over time and determine if early metabolic or movement interventions can help to reduce pain and disability associated with them.…”

“…Accelerometers have been used to measure upper extremity activity throughout the day in community environments in a number of patient populations with chronic movement problems (Bailey, Klaesner, & Lang, 2015; Bailey & Lang, 2013; Yang, Lin, Huang, Huang, & Chao, 2014), but not in people with diabetes. People with T2DM are known to have relatively low overall physical activity (i.e, steps per day) compared to those without diabetes (Tudor-Locke et al, 2002).…”