Shoulder Muscle Activation Levels During the Push-Up-Plus Exercise on Stable and Unstable Surfaces

Torres, Rafaela Joyce Barbosa; Pirauá, André Luiz Torres; Nascimento, Vinícius Yan Santos; Santos, Priscila Soares dos; Beltrão, Natália Barros; Oliveira, Valéria Mayaly Alves de; Pitangui, Ana Carolina Rodarti; Araújo, Rodrigo Cappato de

doi:10.1123/jsr.2016-0050

Cited by 22 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…Seven articles discussed the effects of PUP variations (eg, different upper extremity, 31,47,48,50 lower extremity, 29,49 and PUP 8 positions) on training the SA and UT. Eleven articles 9,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]52 focused on the effects of the base of support for PUP exercises. From our systematic review, we determined a suitable exercise prescription for training the SA and UT using PUP variations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twelve articles focused on the effects of the base of support during PUP exercises. 9,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]51,52 After further checking for the meta-analysis, 1 article was excluded due to insufficient data for the means and standard deviations. 51 Therefore, 11 articles were included in this meta-analysis for analyzing the differences in SA and UT muscle activity during the PUP performed on stable and unstable surfaces.…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…51 Therefore, 11 articles were included in this meta-analysis for analyzing the differences in SA and UT muscle activity during the PUP performed on stable and unstable surfaces. 9,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]52 Quality Assessment…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serratus Anterior and Upper Trapezius Electromyographic Analysis of the Push-Up Plus Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kang

Lin

et al. 2019

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context Whereas the serratus anterior (SA) and the upper trapezius (UT) work as a force couple for scapular motion, weakness of the SA and overactivation of the UT are often present in overhead athletes with shoulder dysfunction. Therefore, researchers addressing an intramuscular imbalance between the SA and UT have focused on finding exercises that target the weak SA and minimally activate the UT. Objective To compare the effectiveness of push-up plus (PUP) exercise variants based on the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the SA and UT. Data Sources A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus between January 1, 2000, and March 31, 2008. Study Selection Studies of PUP exercises that involved EMG analysis. Data Extraction We assessed study quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program. For the systematic analysis, the following data were extracted: (1) author, year, and study design; (2) participant characteristics; (3) type of PUP intervention; (4) EMG outcome measures; and (5) main results. For the meta-analysis, the EMG data of the SA and UT were calculated using the mean difference of EMG activity with a 95% confidence interval. Data Synthesis Based on 19 studies with 356 participants, different hand positions (the distance between the hands, shoulder-flexion angle, and elbow-flexion angle) and different lower extremity positions variably affected the activation of the SA and UT during the PUP exercise. Also, when participants performed the PUP on an unstable surface compared with a stable surface, UT activity increased 2.74% (95% confidence interval = 0.07%, 5.41%). Conclusions The standard PUP exercise elicited high EMG activity of the SA. Participants generated higher SA and lower UT EMG activity when they performed the PUP exercise on a stable surface in full elbow extension, with the hands placed shoulder-width apart, shoulder-flexion angles of 110° or 120°, and the ipsilateral lower extremity lifted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serratus Anterior and Upper Trapezius Electromyographic Analysis of the Push-Up Plus Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kang

Lin

et al. 2019

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…This result is likely because elbow rocking is possible during the CKCUES test. Torres et al [32] showed no significant difference in muscle activity of TB with or without a stable surface during pushup plus. Lehman et al [33] showed that due to the mechanical advantage of TB in forearm length, responding to changes in stability during push-ups may be difficult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Relationship Between the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test and Strength of Serratus Anterior and Triceps Brachii Muscles

Weon

Ahn

Kim

et al. 2021

Physical Therapy Korea

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Background:The CKCUES test evaluates the functional performance of the shoulder joint.The CKCUES test scores CKC exercises of the upper limbs to examine shoulder stability. Although the CKCUES test provides quantitative data on functional ability and performance, no study has determined the relationship between CKCUES scores and SA and TB muscle strength. Objects:The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between the CKCUES test scores and the strength of the SA and TB muscles in the CKCUES and unilateral CKCUES tests.Methods: Sixty-six healthy male volunteers participated in the study. A Smart KEMA strength sensor measured SA and TB muscle strength. Two parallel lines on the floor indicated the initial hand placement to start CKCUES tests. For 15 seconds, the subject raises one hand and reaches over to touch the supporting hand, then returns to the starting position. Results:The correlation between the CKCUES test scores and the strength of the SA was strong (r = 0.650, p < 0.001), and the TB was moderate (r = 0.438, p < 0.001). The correlation between the unilateral CKCUES test and the strength of the SA of the supporting side was strong (r = 0.605, p < 0.001), and swing side was strong (r = 0.681, p < 0.001). The correlation between the unilateral CKCUES test and the strength of the TB of the supporting side was moderate (r = 0.409, p < 0.001), and swing side was moderate (r = 0.482, p < 0.001). Conclusion:Our study showed that the CKCUES test had a strong association with isometric strength of SA and moderate association with that of TB. These findings suggest that the CKCUES test can evaluate the function of the SA. Moreover, the unilateral CKCUES test can evaluate unilateral shoulder function.

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“…1,2 SA muscle weakness leads to changes in the movement of the scapula, resulting in shoulder pain 3,4 and delayed movement, 5 being one of the causes of scapular dyskinesis. 6 Therefore, scapular protraction exercises have been suggested for weakness of SA, [5][6][7] as a way to strengthen it. Previous studies have mentioned that scapular protraction exercises are effective in increasing SA muscle activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Activation of Serratus Anterior during Self-Resisted Scapular Protraction with Forward Flexion on Unstable Surface in Sitting Position

Jang¹,

Jeon²

2021

J Musculoskelet Sci Technol

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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activity of SA during three different scapular protraction exercises according to various conditions [Forward flexion with protraction (FFP), FFP with self-resistance (FFPS), FFPS with hand-exerciser (FFPSH)] in healthy individuals in sitting position. Study design Comparative, repeated measures designMethods Twenty subjects were participated. The muscle activity of SA, upper trapezius (UT) and pectoralis major (PM) were measured by using a surface electromyography device. Each subject was asked to perform three different scapular protraction exercises (FFP vs. FFPS vs. FFPSH) in random order. One-way repeated measures analysis of the variance and a Bonferroni post hoc test were used. The level of statistical significance was set at α=0.01. ResultsThe muscle activity of SA and the SA/UT ratio were significantly different among three conditions (FFP vs. FFPS vs. FFPSH) (p<0.01). The muscle activity of SA and the SA/UT ratio during FFPSH were significantly greater compared to those with FFP and FFPS (p<0.01). However, the SA/PM ratio was not significantly different among three conditions (p>0.05).Conclusions FFPSH exercise for facilitation of SA muscle can be recommended.

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Shoulder Muscle Activation Levels During the Push-Up-Plus Exercise on Stable and Unstable Surfaces

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Serratus Anterior and Upper Trapezius Electromyographic Analysis of the Push-Up Plus Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Serratus Anterior and Upper Trapezius Electromyographic Analysis of the Push-Up Plus Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Relationship Between the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test and Strength of Serratus Anterior and Triceps Brachii Muscles

Muscle Activation of Serratus Anterior during Self-Resisted Scapular Protraction with Forward Flexion on Unstable Surface in Sitting Position

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