Shoulder biomechanics in normal and selected pathological conditions

Abstract

The stability of the glenohumeral joint depends on soft tissue stabilizers, bone morphology and dynamic stabilizers such as the rotator cuff and long head of the biceps tendon. Shoulder stabilization techniques include anatomic procedures such as repair of the labrum or restoration of bone loss, but also non-anatomic options such as remplissage or tendon transfers. Rotator cuff repair should restore the cuff anatomy, reattach the rotator cable and respect the coracoacromial arch whenever possible. Tendon transfer, superior capsular reconstruction or balloon implantation have been proposed for irreparable lesions. Shoulder rehabilitation should focus on restoring balanced glenohumeral and scapular force couples in order to avoid an upward migration of the humeral head and secondary cuff impingement. The primary goal of cuff repair is to be as anatomic as possible and to create a biomechanically favourable environment for tendon healing. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:508-518. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.200006

How to Assess Shoulder Functionality: A Systematic Review of Existing Validated Outcome Measures

“…The ROM [ 12 , 19 , 44 , 58 , 63 , 70 , 73 , 80 , 82 , 88 , 94 , 95 , 100 , 129 , 132 , 142 , 203 , 206 , 223 , 225 , 232 ] was the third most considered topic. Regarding this, the great amplitude of the shoulder stands out [ 1 ]. This enables the performance of the necessary supracranial motions in the usual range of ADL.…”

“…Shoulders are essential to human beings’ functionality. Their specific biomechanics make shoulders the most mobile joint complex in the body, providing upper limbs with mobility in the three axes of space [ 1 ].…”

Distance Between the Supraspinatus Central Tendon and the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon Can Predict Anterior Rotator Cable Disruption in Rotator Cuff Tear Patients Without Obvious Retraction.

“…The rotator cable was known as the suspension bridge in shoulder force transmission that plays a vital role in force transmission and joint stability [1][2][3]. Research found that rotator cuff tears involving the anterior rotator cable were easily combined with signi cantly large tear patterns and more advanced muscle atrophy as well as higher retear rates after repair [4][5][6][7].…”

“…The rotator cuff cable and rotator cuff interval are among the most recent topics of interest in current literature on shoulders [1,[14][15][16][17]. Most of the research has been published in the last two decades and our understanding of the importance regarding these anatomical structures has improved with biomechanical studies, which has changed the pre-and intra-operative approaches to shoulder surgery [5,14,18].…”

“…Most research shows that the anterior cable plays an essential place in shoulder biomechanics [1,5,9,14,19]. Current research shows that patients with a damaged anterior cable would more easily be associated with symptoms of higher SS muscle atrophy, as well as an increased retear rate after surgery repair, compared to patients without anterior cable disruption [6,15].…”