Should we design buildings that are less sensitive to occupant behaviour? A simulation study of effects of behaviour and design on office energy consumption

Karjalainen, Sami

doi:10.1007/s12053-015-9422-7

Cited by 54 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…When provided accurate occupancy models, demand-driven control can utilize such information to coordinate real-time HVAC usage, reducing energy use and maintaining indoor thermal comfort in buildings [13,[26][27][28][29]. It has been reported in [30] that a 75% energy savings can be achieved by using a robust design which is less sensitive to occupant variation. Further, when integrated with model-based control strategies, 42% energy savings have been achieved by using real-time occupancy data [1].…”

Section: Occupancy-based Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupancy-Based HVAC Control with Short-Term Occupancy Prediction Algorithms for Energy-Efficient Buildings

et al. 2018

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This study aims to develop a concrete occupancy prediction as well as an optimal occupancy-based control solution for improving the efficiency of Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems. Accurate occupancy prediction is a key enabler for demand-based HVAC control so as to ensure HVAC is not run needlessly when when a room/zone is unoccupied. In this paper, we propose simple yet effective algorithms to predict occupancy alongside an algorithm for automatically assigning temperature set-points. Utilizing past occupancy observations, we introduce three different techniques for occupancy prediction. Firstly, we propose an identification-based approach, which identifies the model via Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. Secondly, we study a novel finite state automata (FSA) which can be reconstructed by a general systems problem solver (GSPS). Thirdly, we introduce an alternative stochastic model based on uncertain basis functions. The results show that all the proposed occupancy prediction techniques could achieve around 70% accuracy. Then, we have proposed a scheme to adaptively adjust the temperature set-points according to a novel temperature set algorithm with customers’ different discomfort tolerance indexes. By cooperating with the temperature set algorithm, our occupancy-based HVAC control shows 20% energy saving while still maintaining building comfort requirements.

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Section: Occupancy-based Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupancy-Based HVAC Control with Short-Term Occupancy Prediction Algorithms for Energy-Efficient Buildings

et al. 2018

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“…Estudos sobre a influência do comportamento do usuário no desempenho da edificação foram conduzidos por diversos autores que abordaram métodos para quantificar o impacto da variável usuário. A exemplo disso, a influência do usuário no consumo de energia foi estudada por Karjalainen (2016) por meio de simulações numéricas para um ambiente de escritório variando perfis de usuário: displicente, normal e consciente. Os diferentes perfis de usuário consideraram o consumo energético referente a equipamentos e sistema de iluminação.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Identificação de perfis de comportamento do usuário para edificações residenciais multifamiliares e naturalmente ventiladas em Florianópolis

et al. 2018

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Resumos interações entre o usuário e o ambiente construído compõem o comportamento do usuário. Esse conjunto de informações é essencial para aprimorar os resultados obtidos por meio de simulações computacionais, uma vez que o comportamento do usuário influencia o desempenho térmico e energético da edificação. Neste estudo, a influência do comportamento do usuário no desempenho térmico da edificação foi analisada a partir de simulações computacionais complementadas com dados de ocupação, operação de janelas e de persianas. Os perfis de comportamento do usuário foram identificados com a análise de agrupamento aplicada a uma base de dados monitorados em edificações residenciais multifamiliares de Florianópolis com ventilação natural. Os diferentes comportamentos do usuário foram responsáveis por variações superiores a 130% nos resultados de graus hora de resfriamento e graus hora de aquecimento. De modo geral, a ocupação foi o aspecto do comportamento do usuário com maior influência no desempenho térmico devido ao aumento da carga térmica interna e a sua associação com a operação dos elementos da edificação, marcando uma dependência temporal (rotina). Palavras-chaves:

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“…Some occupants may be careless in their use of building systems leading to higher energy use, others may be conscious of the need to reduce energy and how to interact with the building in order to achieve this, some may be restricted in their use of adaptive opportunities by physical or cultural constraints. To capture the likely variation in occupant behavior three scenarios were used (Energy conscious behavior; Typical behavior; Energy careless behavior) as described in Table 8 [80]. Seasonal adaption in clothing levels as described in the model calibration process was not varied between the scenarios but is discussed later.…”

Section: Installed Loads and Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The energy and indoor environmental performance of Egyptian offices: Parameter analysis and future policy

Elharidi

Tuohy

Teamah

2018

Energy and Buildings

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Buildings are a significant contributor to the rapidly increasing electricity demand in Egypt which is straining the existing supply network causing economic and social impacts. There are current initiatives aimed at improved building performance including adoption of international standards. The performance of existing Egyptian buildings is not well understood making the impact of these international standards uncertain. This paper provides insight into performance of current Egyptian office buildings through a multi-building energy survey and a detailed case study. The most common office type in the survey has natural ventilation and local cooling. A process to capture observed performance in a representative model and input parameter set is presented. The model is used to investigate performance impacts of parameters including: location, weather, building envelope, intensity of occupancy, behaviour, and installed systems including the HVAC strategy. HVAC strategy was identified as the most significant factor. Typical Egyptian offices with natural ventilation and local cooling systems under personal control have electricity demand less than 50% of centrally serviced buildings. System efficiencies (HVAC, lights, equipment) and occupant behaviour (e.g. use of systems, temperatures) were also identified as significant factors, each with potential of around 30% saving compared to current typical offices. Possible policy measures to promote energy efficient systems and energy conscious behaviour are proposed which together can reduce the energy demand of typical offices by 50%. Trade-offs between energy use and indoor environmental quality (IEQ) are discussed.

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Should we design buildings that are less sensitive to occupant behaviour? A simulation study of effects of behaviour and design on office energy consumption

Cited by 54 publications

References 39 publications

Occupancy-Based HVAC Control with Short-Term Occupancy Prediction Algorithms for Energy-Efficient Buildings

Occupancy-Based HVAC Control with Short-Term Occupancy Prediction Algorithms for Energy-Efficient Buildings

Identificação de perfis de comportamento do usuário para edificações residenciais multifamiliares e naturalmente ventiladas em Florianópolis

The energy and indoor environmental performance of Egyptian offices: Parameter analysis and future policy

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