Should titanium miniplates be removed after bone healing is complete?

Systemic and Local Tissue Response to Titanium Corrosion

“…According to a number of studies reported in the literature, the removal of titanium miniplates after bone healing is complete is unnecessary precisely due to the excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance properties of titanium. This is beneficial to the patient since a second surgery is avoided (Rosenberg et al, 1993). Moreover, some authors suggest that miniplates must be removed only when they cause patient complaints and in cases of wound dehiscence or infection (Rosenberg et al, 1993).…”

“…This is beneficial to the patient since a second surgery is avoided (Rosenberg et al, 1993). Moreover, some authors suggest that miniplates must be removed only when they cause patient complaints and in cases of wound dehiscence or infection (Rosenberg et al, 1993). However, as mentioned above, no metal or alloy is completely inert in vivo.…”

“…However, as mentioned above, no metal or alloy is completely inert in vivo. In this regard, some authors claim that titanium miniplates should be removed to allow for physiologic bony adaptation and avoidance of a foreign body reaction (Ferguson, 1960;Katou et al, 1996;Moran et al, 1991;Rosenberg et al, 1993;Young-Kyun et al, 1997).…”

Titanium Element Level in Peri-Implant Mucosa

“…ti is generally considered to be an inert metal due to its titanium oxide (tio 2 ) layer (3,21,29); but, like other metals that are in contact with biological systems, ti may corrode and release ion and other particles (8,33). Such particles may be accumulated on the adjacent tissues (17,24,25) or may be carried to distant organs with the blood (15,26,27). the main parts of the dental implants, which are embedded in the jaw bone, release ions directly to the body.…”

Titanium asa Biomaterial For Dental ImplantsandIts Corrosion Rate- An Animal Stud

“…Even in our study, brown black pigmented spots near the implanted site were noticed and histologically these pigmentation spots were confirmed. According to Rosenberg et al 18 these pigmentations are due to deposition of titanium oxide. On the contrary no pigmentation was found around the 316 L stainless steel implant.…”