“…However, systematic work by Henri Coutard in Paris in the 1920s showed that healthy tissue could survive around a treated volume if the radiation was delivered in a number of small doses, which is today termed fractionation [11,12]; the radiobiological justification for fractionation is now often described using the five R's: Repair, Repopulation, Redistribution, Re-oxygenation, and Radioresistance [13][14][15]. Consideration of clinical benefit with respect to x-ray source usage by Ralston Paterson and others led to the rational justification of particular fractionation regimens such as the Manchester hypofractionation system, which remain today as the primary models of treatment [16,17].…”