“…5 This benevolent image of clinicians may have been forever shattered by the atrocities committed in the Second World War, which later led to the publication of the Nuremberg Code. 6 This Code proposed 10 principles to guide human experimentation (ie, clinical research), the first of which stated that voluntary consent of the patient was absolutely essential; this view was reiterated and expanded in the Declaration of Helsinki and Belmont Report. 7 The principle of IC established in those landmark documents for research was gradually incorporated into general patient care.…”