Should clinicians incorporate positive spirituality into their practices? What does the evidence say?

Abstract

Most of the rhetoric decrying the incorporation of basic and positive spiritual care into clinical practice is not based on reliable evidence. We briefly review the current evidence, which demonstrates that (a) there is frequently a positive association between positive spirituality and mental and physical health and well being, (b) most patients desire to be offered basic spiritual care by their clinicians, (c) most patients censure our professions for ignoring their spiritual needs, (d) most clinicians believe that spiritual interventions would help their patients but have little training in providing basic spiritual assessment or care, (e) professional associations and educational institutions are beginning to provide learners and clinicians information on how to incorporate spirituality and practice, and (j) anecdotal evidence indicates that clinicians having received such training find it immediately helpful and do apply it to their practice. We point out the reasons that much more research is needed, especially outcome-based, clinical research on the effects of these spiritual interventions by clinicians. We conclude that the evidence to date demonstrates trained or experienced clinicians should encourage positive spirituality with their patients and that there is no evidence that such therapy is, in general, harmful. Further, unless or until there is evidence of harm from a clinician's provision of either basic spiritual care or a spiritually sensitive practice, interested clinicians and systems should learn to assess their patients' spiritual health and to provide indicated and desired spiritual intervention. Clinicians and health care systems should not, without compelling data to the contrary, deprive their patients of the spiritual support and comfort on which their hope, health, and well-being may hinge.

Discussing Spirituality With Patients: A Rational and Ethical Approach

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Many of these studies have been criticized, yet most physicians believe spirituality has a positive effect on physical and mental well-being of patients. [16][17][18][19][20] Patients desire spiritual discussions with physicians, and believe spiritual health is as important as physical health, but they report spiritual discussions rarely take place. 1,12,21 Outpatient studies have found 13% to 73% of patients want physicians to have knowledge of their spiritual or religious beliefs.…”

The 3 H and BMSEST Models for Spirituality in Multicultural Whole-Person Medicine

“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) now include spirituality in medical practice and education. 22,23 In addition, many have called for an expansion of Engel's biopsychosocial model 24,25 for health care to a biopsychosocial-spiritual model, [26][27][28][29] in which relief requires understanding physical, mental, and spiritual suffering, and spiritual care plays a crucial role in providing "comfort always."…”

Impact of Religious Attendance on Life Expectancy

“…6,7 Dr. Hall mentions 5 reasons why religious attendance should be viewed as an inert predictor of health (like nationality) rather than as a potential intervention. First, he states plainly: "religious attendance is not a therapy.…”