“… 62 , 63 However, the small sample sizes, lack of control groups, large variability in clinical presentation of the patients undergoing these surgeries, and variability in surgery procedures leaves it unclear whether it was the removal of the calcified lesions or other factors accounting for seizure remediation in these patients. 64 Some have argued against surgeries to remove calcified lesions as they believe there is not strong enough evidence that the benefits of such surgeries outweigh the risks, 64 and in most cases of intraparenchymal NCC, surgeries for the removal of cysts are not indicated. 40 , 65 , 66 Moreover, even if more robust evidence emerges demonstrating that the removal of calcified cysts improves seizure outcomes, the mechanism by which calcified cysts cause seizures will remain to be demonstrated.…”