Shotgun strategy-based proteome profiling analysis on the head of silkworm Bombyx mori

Abstract

Insect head is comprised of important sensory systems to communicate with internal and external environment and endocrine organs such as brain and corpus allatum to regulate insect growth and development. To comprehensively understand how all these components act and interact within the head, it is necessary to investigate their molecular basis at protein level. Here, the spectra of peptides digested from silkworm larval heads were obtained from liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and were analyzed by bioinformatics methods. Totally, 539 proteins with a low false discovery rate (FDR) were identified by searching against an in-house database with SEQUEST and X!Tandem algorithms followed by trans-proteomic pipeline (TPP) validation. Forty-three proteins had the theoretical isoelectric point (pI) greater than 10 which were too difficult to separate by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Four chemosensory proteins, one odorant-binding protein, two diapause-related proteins, and a lot of cuticle proteins, interestingly including pupal cuticle proteins were identified. The proteins involved in nervous system development, stress response, apoptosis and so forth were related to the physiological status of head. Pathway analysis revealed that many proteins were highly homologous with the human proteins which involved in human neurodegenerative disease pathways, probably implying a symptom of the forthcoming metamorphosis of silkworm. These data and the analysis methods were expected to be of benefit to the proteomics research of silkworm and other insects.

Biotechnology and Pasta-Making: Lactic Acid Bacteria as a New Driver of Innovation

“…Here, a brief overview to appreciate the high innovation content taking into account the potential health implications: (i) LAB may improve the palatability of whole grain and fiber-rich products (Katina et al, 2005) associated with health benefits, such as enhanced regulation of blood glucose levels, reduced risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers (Jacobs et al, 1998; Liu et al, 2000; Pereira et al, 2002); (ii) LAB may modify the bran fraction of the grain (rich in fiber) in such a way that larger amounts of bran can be utilized in breads (Katina et al, 2005); (iii) LAB may contribute to produce novel, naturally fermented health-oriented products enriched in gamma-aminobutyric acid (Li and Cao, 2010; Li et al, 2010); (iv) LAB may synthesize angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptides (Rizzello et al, 2011); (v) LAB may produce non-digestible polysaccharides, or modify accessibility of the grain fiber complex to the gut microbiota (Poutanen et al, 2009; Garai-Ibabe et al, 2010; Elizaquível et al, 2011). …”

Describing the Diapause-Preparatory Proteome of the Beetle Colaphellus bowringi and Identifying Candidates Affecting Lipid Accumulation Using Isobaric Tags for Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteome Quantification (iTRAQ)

“…We used iTRAQ isobaric-tag-labeled proteomics, coupled with two-dimensional LC-MS/MS, to identify proteins and quantitatively compare relative protein abundance in the heads of newly emerged diapause-destined and non-diapause-destined adult female cabbage beetles. The head of insects contains the brain, compound eyes, corpus allatum and other important parts of the nervous, sensory, and endocrine systems where environmental cues related to diapause are perceived and processed, as well as muscle and cells of the anterior fat body (Denlinger, 2002; Koštál, 2006; Li et al, 2010; Zhang et al, 2012). It remains unclear how environmental signals such as photoperiod, that are perceived by larvae during the diapause induction phase are stored and subsequently regulate the major molecular processes involved in diapause preparation in cabbage beetle adults (Wang et al, 2004), but we focus on the head because we expect that it plays a critical role in this process.…”

Brain Proteomics of Anopheles gambiae

“…Other brain proteome studies have been conducted on the fleshfly Sarcophaga crassipalpis (Pavlides et al, 2011), aphid (Hummon et al, 2006;Huybrechts et al, 2010), the silkworm Bombyx mori (Li et al, 2007;Li et al, 2010;Li et al, 2009), and the honey bee (Uno et al, 2007;Wolschin et al, 2009). A differential proteomic study of diapausing and nondiapausing pupal brains of fleshfly have shown higher amounts of stress-related proteins but lower abundance of other metabolism-related brain proteins in the diapausal state (Li et al, 2007).…”