“…The correlation between fraction of critical damping, ζ i , and the damping factors α and β is: ζ i = α/2ω i + β ω i /2, with ω i being the natural frequency for a specific mode. According to Ghasemi [ 20 ] and Mequid [ 21 ], the value ζ = 0.5 has been selected for rapid damping of unwanted oscillations and to avoid any computational instability. Since the minimal modal frequency, ω 0 , is governing the oscillating behavior of the specimen after the impact, the damping parameters and should be selected, taking that mode into account, which can be estimated as: ω 0 = 1/h·√(2E/ρ), where E and ρ are the Young’s modulus and the density of the specimen material, respectively, and h is the height of the specimen.…”