Shot noise in actual urban and industrial environments

Abstract

CONCLUSIONSBased on summaries and comparisons of the existing analysis methods for multipath interference (MPI) in distributed fiber Raman amplifiers, two novel methods are presented. A simple analytical expression is developed in the first method. Its accuracy is higher than a foregoing analogous analytic expression. The second method iterates an analytic expression so that the MPI calculation time can be greatly reduced and the precision can be greatly improved by contrast with the preceding iterating method. The analysis results indicate that the MPI of the distributed Raman amplifiers increases quickly with the rise of the Raman gain and the length within a short gain fiber when the pump power is preserved, and almost does not vary after the Raman fiber increases to a certain length. SHOT NOISE IN ACTUAL URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS