Shortwave Radiation Affected by Agricultural Practices

Cierniewski, Jerzy; Ceglarek, Jakub; Karnieli, Arnon; Ben‐Dor, Eyal; Królewicz, Sławomir; Kaźmierowski, Cezary

doi:10.3390/rs10030419

Cited by 10 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The BS on the global scale ( Fig. 2a,b) provides strong evidence of land disturbance, contributing to the discussion of its consequences, such as erosion 39 and changes in energy balance/climate/emissivity 40,41 , temperature 42 , moisture 43 , SOC stocks 1 and microorganism populations 44 . In addition, an increase in BSF may promote greater weed growth 45 , which may intensify pesticide use 46 and, consequently, groundwater contamination 47 .…”

Section: Results and Disscussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Bare Earth’s Surface Spectra as a Proxy for Soil Resource Monitoring

Demattê

Safanelli

Poppiel

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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the earth's surface dynamics provide essential information for guiding environmental and agricultural policies. Uncovered and unprotected surfaces experience several undesirable effects, which can affect soil ecosystem functions. We developed a technique to identify global bare surface areas and their dynamics based on multitemporal remote sensing images to aid the spatiotemporal evaluation of anthropic and natural phenomena. The bare Earth's surface and its changes were recognized by Landsat image processing over a time range of 30 years using the Google Earth Engine platform. Two additional products were obtained with a similar technique: a) Earth's bare surface frequency, which represents where and how many times a single pixel was detected as bare surface, based on Landsat series, and b) Earth's bare soil tendency, which represents the tendency of bare surface to increase or decrease. This technique enabled the retrieval of bare surfaces on 32% of Earth's total land area and on 95% of land when considering only agricultural areas. From a multitemporal perspective, the technique found a 2.8% increase in bare surfaces during the period on a global scale. However, the rate of soil exposure decreased by ~4.8% in the same period. The increase in bare surfaces shows that agricultural areas are increasing worldwide. The decreasing rate of soil exposure indicates that, unlike popular opinion, more soils have been covered due to the adoption of conservation agriculture practices, which may reduce soil degradation. Soils are directly related to global issues, such as food supply, water security and climate regulation 1-4. Considering that soil health is easily disturbed by modifications of physical, chemical and biological conditions, soil management must be carefully delineated and constantly monitored 5. The high occurrence of bare surfaces in agricultural areas may increase soil degradation, influencing soil health and affecting important ecosystem functions 6. Surface exposure triggers a sequence of events, which may result in soil erosion 7 , contamination 8 , desertification 9 , salinization 10 , acidification 11 , compaction 12 , biodiversity loss 13 , nutrient depletion 14 , and loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) 15. Despite the need to preserve soil ecosystems for future generations, we will still need to feed 9.7 billion people by the middle of this century 16. To date, the total area of worldwide crop and pasture lands is estimated at 49 million km 2 , which represents approximately 30% of the total global land area 17. The world's future demand for water, energy and food is closely related to the intensification of agriculture and the preservation of ecosystems. Sustainable land use requires data-driven policymaking and management strategies, which are currently hampered by the high cost and time-consuming characteristics of soil data acquisition 2. The remote sensing (RS) technique is an indispensable tool for multitemporal and spatial data acquisition, as it enables the collection of soil information at gl...

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Section: Results and Disscussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Bare Earth’s Surface Spectra as a Proxy for Soil Resource Monitoring

Demattê

Safanelli

Poppiel

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…The first approximations of a quantitative estimation of shortwave radiation reflected from bare arable lands illuminated at clear-sky conditions, concerning Poland (Cierniewski et al 2017) and Israel (Cierniewski et al 2018b), based on extracting their changing areas during the year from Landsat 8 images. It was found that these areas reach two maxima in spring and late summer in Poland and one maximum in summer until early autumn in Israel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In view of the α variations of bare soils discussed above, as well as the statement of Sellers et al (1995) about the acceptable error lower than ± 2% of α of the Earth's land surfaces for modeling climate changes on a global scale, the use of their average diurnal (α d ) values or the averaged values over longer periods of several days, a month, a season, or a year for this modeling seems to be more useful than the use of instantaneous α values (Grant et al 2000;Cierniewski et al 2014). So far, the α d values of bare soils have also been used to estimate the annual dynamic of shortwave radiation reflected from bare soils as a consequence of the smoothing of previously plowed and disk-harrowed fields in Poland (Cierniewski et al 2017) and reflected from arable lands in Israel (Cierniewski et al 2018b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual dynamics of shortwave radiation of bare arable lands on a global scale incorporating their roughness

Cierniewski

Ceglarek

2018

Environ Earth Sci

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Smoothing soil surfaces, which had previously been deeply plowed, increases their albedo, which results in a lower amount of shortwave radiation being absorbed by their surface layer. Those surfaces emit less long-wave radiation too, leading to a reduction in their surface temperature, which can affect the climate. This paper quantitatively estimates the highest possible amount of shortwave radiation that could be reflected throughout the year from bare soils on arable land in the most extensive agricultural regions, where major crops are cultivated, on six of the Earth's continents. The estimation refers to the highest levels of soil radiation occurring during clear-sky conditions without any clouds when the surfaces that had been conventionally tilled were bare for several days or more after the day of planting and were air-dried in two extreme roughness states: those formed by a plow and a smoothing harrow. The annual dynamics of reflective shortwave radiation of the bare soils were obtained using vectorized and rasterized geostatistical data sets about the areas of the soils and periods when they were bare, as well the spectra of the soil units that occupied the majority of these areas. Adding together all of the diurnal amounts of shortwave radiation reflected from the bare soils for each of the regions in the world, it was found that their radiation peak, appearing on the 140th days of the year, can reach about 22 EJ/day for soils treated by a plow, and a further 3 EJ/day when they are smoothed by a smoothing harrow.

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“…Recently, Cierniewski et al (2018a) proposed a set of equations that could be used to calculate the diurnal variation of bare soil a, using 153 sets of soil surface measurements collected from Poland, Israel and France. The equations are used as the input data for θ s. In contrast with the procedure adopted in the study by Ziar et al (2019), these measurements require only few simple free parameters: specific roughness, and reflectance values of soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SALBEC – A Python Library and GUI Application to Calculate the Diurnal Variation of the Soil Albedo

Jasiewicz

Cierniewski

2021

Quaestiones Geographicae

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This study presents the SALBEC – Soil ALBEdo Calculator – a Python library and Graphical User Interface designed to predict the diurnal variation of the clear-sky albedo based on the soil surface properties. Such predictions are becoming more and more necessary with the increasing role of remote measurements. The software uses the following input parameters: the soil spectrum, soil roughness, day of the year (DOY) and sample location. It returns the diurnal albedo variation and, as a unique feature, optimal observation time in the form of tables and graphs as outputs. Models created with the SALBEC were compared with the data acquired under near clear-sky conditions. The comparison shows that the differences between the models and measured data do not exceed the variation of input parameters. The software is directed towards scientists and professionals who require precise estimations of the albedo of soils for different field observation times. Our software is issued as free and open source software (FOSS) and is publicly available at https://github.com/jarekj71/salbec.

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Shortwave Radiation Affected by Agricultural Practices

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Bare Earth’s Surface Spectra as a Proxy for Soil Resource Monitoring

Bare Earth’s Surface Spectra as a Proxy for Soil Resource Monitoring

Annual dynamics of shortwave radiation of bare arable lands on a global scale incorporating their roughness

SALBEC – A Python Library and GUI Application to Calculate the Diurnal Variation of the Soil Albedo

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