Short wavelength infra-red (SWIR) characteristics of hydrothermal alteration minerals in skarn deposits: Example from the Jiguanzui Cu–Au deposit, Eastern China

Hyperspectral remote sensing in lithological mapping, mineral exploration, and environmental geology: an updated review

“…Field data were applied to directly identify alteration mineral instead of just surface materials, which probably do not have any direct relationship with the ore mineralization. Tian et al 116 used the SWIR spectral analyses to detect alteration minerals including sericite group minerals (montmorillonite, illite, and muscovite), kaolinite, and carbonate minerals (calcite, ankerite, and dolomite), with minor chlorite, halloysite, and dickite around Jiguanzui Cu-Au (Eastern China) deposits. According to their results, Fe-OH absorption feature of chlorite (2.241 to 2.263 μm) becomes shorter to the distal areas.…”

Pyrite geochemistry and its implications on Au-Cu skarn metallogeny: An example from the Jiguanzui deposit, Eastern China

“…Based on detailed field geologic and petrographic observations, the major metallic minerals identified include magnetite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, hematite, bornite, and native gold, which occur as massive, veins, or disseminations. Major non-metallic minerals include mainly calcic-silicates (e.g., garnet, pyroxene, hornblende, epidote, and actinolite), K-feldspar, chlorite, quartz, calcite, muscovite, illite, and montmorillonite (Tian et al 2019;Zhang et al 2019). Wallrock alteration at Jiguanzui includes mainly garnet, K-feldspar, pyroxene, sericite, quartz and calcite (Tian et al 2019;Zhang et al 2019).…”

“…Major non-metallic minerals include mainly calcic-silicates (e.g., garnet, pyroxene, hornblende, epidote, and actinolite), K-feldspar, chlorite, quartz, calcite, muscovite, illite, and montmorillonite (Tian et al 2019;Zhang et al 2019). Wallrock alteration at Jiguanzui includes mainly garnet, K-feldspar, pyroxene, sericite, quartz and calcite (Tian et al 2019;Zhang et al 2019). Zhang (2015) and Tian et al (2019) divided the Jiguanzui mineralization into five stages based on mineral assemblages and textural relations (Fig.…”

“…Wallrock alteration at Jiguanzui includes mainly garnet, K-feldspar, pyroxene, sericite, quartz and calcite (Tian et al 2019;Zhang et al 2019). Zhang (2015) and Tian et al (2019) divided the Jiguanzui mineralization into five stages based on mineral assemblages and textural relations (Fig. 3), i.e., (I) prograde skarn (garnet-pyroxene), (II) retrograde alteration (hornblende-epidote-actinolite), (III) hematite, (IV) quartz-pyrite-chalcopyrite (main Au-Cu ore stage), and (V) calcite-sulfide (pyrite-chalcopyrite-molybdenite-sphalerite-galena).…”

“…DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8118. http://www.minsocam.org/ mineralization and alteration paragenesis (Guo et al 2007;Zhang 2015;Tian et al 2019); 3) alteration mineralogy and its exploration implications (Tian et al 2019), 4) ore mineralogy (Au-/Ag-bearing minerals, Zhang et al 2016;quartz, Zhang et al 2019), and 5) controlling factors of sulfide precipitation, notably (i) phase separation (fluid boiling), as supported by the coexisting vapor-, liquid-rich, and hypersaline fluid inclusions with similar homogenization temperatures (250-400 ℃) in the main-ore stage, and the widespread occurrence of hydrothermal breccia (Zhang 2015); (ii) mixing of magmatic-hydrothermal and meteoric fluids in the late-ore stage, as supported by the wide H-O isotope composition range and the major fluid salinity drop from the main-ore to late-ore stage (Zhang 2015); (3) boiling-related neutralization of the acidic magmatic-hydrothermal fluids in the main-ore stage, revealed by the textural and trace element features of main-stage quartz (Zhang et al 2019).…”