Short‐time (&lt;10 ka) denudation rates as a marker of active folding in the Zagros Fold Belt (Iran)

Collignon, Marine; Haghipour, Negar; Lupker, Maarten; Mohammadi, Ali; Christl, Marcus; Burg, Jean‐Pierre

doi:10.1111/ter.12376

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Nevertheless, from the balanced sections of Emami et al, (2010), it is possible to infer an uplift rate ranging from 0.37-0.44 mm a -1 (Table 1) for the central sector of the Anaran fold in Lorestan (for details see supplementary materials). Anyway, several studies estimated uplift rates in other areas of the Zagros Belt (Table 1), such as the Kurdistan Region of Iraq or the Kirkuk Embayment (Le Garzic et al, 2019;Tozer et al, 2019;Zebari et al, 2019) and the Fars arc (Collignon et al, 2019;Oveisi et al, 2009). On one hand, Tozer et al (2019) presented a mean vertical uplift in Kurdistan of 0.7 mm a -1 by the analysis of the stratigraphic record from deep exploration wells, that agrees with that calculated by Zebari et al (2019) for the same area.…”

Section: Farssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…They obtained lower incision rates of 0.25 mm a -1 along the Baladeh monocline and 0.5 mm a -1 along the Dashtak anticline. Collignon et al (2019) provided catchment-wide 10 Be denudation rates in the Fars area, highlighting those rates are generally low (~0.05-0.1 mm a -1 ) but increase to ~1 mm a -1 near the Halikan anticline.…”

Section: Farsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…7 respectively between the maximum uplift rate and the minimum k s , the mean uplift rate and the mean k s , the minimum uplift rate and the maximum k s . In detail, an average uplift rate of 0.6±0.2 mm a -1 from the literature estimations reported in Table 1 (Moutheurau et al, 2007;Oveisi et al, 2009;Emami et al, 2010;Collignon et al, 2019;Le Garzic et al, 2019;Tozer et al, 2019;Zebari et al, 2019) was taken into consideration as representative of the Simply folded belt tectonic unit.…”

Section: River Response Time To Active Foldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of tectonic deformation and landscape evolution in the occurrence of Mass Rock Creep driven landslides: the Loumar landslide (Zagros Belt, Iran)

Delchiaro¹,

Seta²,

Martino³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This research focuses on the role of fold growth and river incision in predisposing time-dependent gravitational deformation in slope-scale rock masses. We analyse the case study of the Loumar landslide affecting the NE flank of the Gavar anticline (Zagros Mts., Iran). The landslide evolution seems related to the fold growth that induced the abandonment of a meandering canyon and generated a new narrow gorge that kinetically released the limestone carapace of the flank. In this regard, we infer that Quaternary tectonic deformation and landscape evolution of the fold prepared the flank to the initiation of a Mass Rock Creep (MRC) driven deformation, that evolved into the Loumar viscosity-driven rockslide presently affecting the slope, as evidenced by remote sensing analyses and field survey. We constrain the chronology of the major events that led to the gravitational deformation, through linear temporal conversion of river longitudinal profiles, geomorphometry and OSL dating. The evolution of the drainage network on the flanks of the antiformal ridge highlights that between 568 +330/-165 and 81±38 ka, the fold growth, splitted the major streams flowing perpendicular to the fold axis growth. The tectonic deformation related to the vertical and the lateral growth of the fold towards NW, in association with the propagation of minor folds, likely allowed the initiation of the MRC deformation process, in response to river incision. The MRC process cumulated elasto-plastic strain until 5.52±0.36 ka, when the slope evolved into a failure causing the partial occlusion of the valley and the generation of a pond. Hosted filedelchiaro_et_al_2021_supplementary.docx available at https://authorea.com/users/548421/ articles/604321-the-role-of-tectonic-deformation-and-landscape-evolution-in-theoccurrence-of-mass-rock-creep-driven-landslides-the-loumar-landslide-zagros-belt-iran Hosted file essoar.10507858.1.docx available at https://authorea.com/users/548421/articles/604321-therole-of-tectonic-deformation-and-landscape-evolution-in-the-occurrence-of-mass-rockcreep-driven-landslides-the-loumar-landslide-zagros-belt-iranThe role of tectonic deformation and landscape evolution in the occurrence of Mass Rock Creep driven landslides: the Loumar landslide (Zagros Belt, Iran

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Section: Farssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Farsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: River Response Time To Active Foldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of tectonic deformation and landscape evolution in the occurrence of Mass Rock Creep driven landslides: the Loumar landslide (Zagros Belt, Iran)

Delchiaro¹,

Seta²,

Martino³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…∼1 mm/yr, e.g., Avdeev & Niemi, 2011;Forte, Leonard, et al, 2022;Vezzoli et al, 2020) than the Alborz and Zagros. The Zagros fold-and-thrust belt exhibits relatively high erosion rates than the NNW Iranian Plateau due to strong and rapid coupling between crustal deformation and erosion, attributed to the active anticlines in the southern deformation front of the Zagros (Collignon et al, 2019). In both Caucasus and Zagros mountain ranges, climate has negligible influence on erosion rates (Figure 8b).…”

Section: Implication For the Cenozoic Erosional Pattern In The Arabia...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonics, Base‐Level Fluctuations, and Climate Impact on the Eocene to Present‐Day Erosional Pattern of the Arabia‐Eurasia Collision Zone (NNW Iranian Plateau and West Alborz Mountains)

et al. 2023

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The NNW Iranian Plateau and west Alborz within the Arabia‐Eurasia collision zone are characterized by three main tectono‐stratigraphic zones, crosscut by the Qezel‐Owzan River (QOR) Basin. The interplay between present‐day deformation and climate, which control the landscape evolution of the region, is still poorly constrained. We addressed this gap by measuring millennial‐scale erosion rates from 10Be‐concentration in the QOR sands along with topographic/climatic metrics analyses. Results reveal low erosion rates in the Plateau and relatively high in the west Alborz. The regional consistency of topographic parameters with geomorphology suggests that they control sediment fluxes in the Plateau, while the surface uplift, active thrust‐faulting, and shallow crustal seismicity in the west Alborz are the main controlling factors. Climate has a secondary role on erosion rates. Furthermore, we calculated exhumation rates from published thermochronometric AFT/AHe ages to determine their relationship with 10Be short‐term data. Results imply that the exhumation rates increased slightly in the Plateau and west Alborz from ∼26 to ∼10 Ma, simultaneous with hard collision processes between the Arabia‐Eurasia. This trend accelerated from ∼10 to ∼2.8 Ma due to the isolation of the Caspian Sea and extreme base‐level fall. From ∼2.8 to ∼2 Ma, base‐level rise occurred under climate influence, and erosion rates decreased. Millennial‐scale data show the erosion rate decreased from ∼2 Ma to the Present‐day, which is attributed to the change in deformation style and fault kinematics from fold/thrusting to mainly strike‐slip faulting. The significantly lower erosion rates in the Plateau compared to west Alborz suggest a relatively stable plateau surface.

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“…Several rivers drain the Zagros towards the Persian Gulf. Fluvial terraces along the banks of the Mand River have been successfully used to study active tectonics and Late Pleistocene slip rates in the Fars Arc (Collignon et al., 2019; Oveisi et al., 2009). Within the NW Zagros, Quaternary river terraces are abundant along the banks of the Tigris River and its tributaries.…”

Section: Introduction and Rationale For Obtaining Fault‐slip Rates Fr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Pleistocene‐Holocene Slip Rates in the Northwestern Zagros Mountains (Kurdistan Region of Iraq) Derived From Luminescence Dating of River Terraces and Structural Modeling

Zebari

Preusser

Grützner³

et al. 2021

Tectonics

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A significant amount of the ongoing shortening between the Eurasian and Arabian plates is accommodated within the Zagros Fold‐Thrust Belt. However, the spatial and temporal distribution of active shortening within the belt, especially in its NW part, is not yet well constrained. We determined depositional ages of uplifted river terraces crossing the belt along the Greater Zab River using luminescence dating. Kinematic modeling of the fault‐related fold belt was then used to calculate long‐term slip rates during the Late Pleistocene to Holocene. Our results provide new insight into the rates of active faulting and folding in the area. The Zagros Mountain Front Fault accommodates about 1.46 ± 0.60 mm a−1 of slip, while a more external basement fault further to the SW accommodates less than 0.41 ± 0.16 mm a−1. Horizontal slip rates related to detachment folding of two anticlines within the Zagros Foothills are 0.40 ± 0.10 and 1.24 ± 0.36 mm a−1. Basement thrusting and thickening of the crust are restricted to the NE part of the Zagros belt. This is also reflected in the regional topography and in the distribution of uplifted terraces. In the southwestern part, the deformation is limited mainly to folding and thrusting of the sedimentary cover above a Triassic basal detachment. In the NE, deformation is associated with slip on basement thrusts. Our study sheds light on the distribution of shortening in the Zagros Mountains and helps to understand the regional tectonic system. Our results may be the foundation for a better seismic hazard assessment of the entire area.

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Short‐time (<10 ka) denudation rates as a marker of active folding in the Zagros Fold Belt (Iran)

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

The role of tectonic deformation and landscape evolution in the occurrence of Mass Rock Creep driven landslides: the Loumar landslide (Zagros Belt, Iran)

The role of tectonic deformation and landscape evolution in the occurrence of Mass Rock Creep driven landslides: the Loumar landslide (Zagros Belt, Iran)

Tectonics, Base‐Level Fluctuations, and Climate Impact on the Eocene to Present‐Day Erosional Pattern of the Arabia‐Eurasia Collision Zone (NNW Iranian Plateau and West Alborz Mountains)

Late Pleistocene‐Holocene Slip Rates in the Northwestern Zagros Mountains (Kurdistan Region of Iraq) Derived From Luminescence Dating of River Terraces and Structural Modeling

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