“…To address the complex characteristics of traffic flow, many theories are used for traffic flow prediction, from classical mathematical physics models to support vector machines (SVMs) and other evolutionary algorithms. New methods and techniques for improving the prediction accuracy are continuously presented [1,2]. Currently, many methods such as the regression method [3,4], time-series analysis [5,6], Kalman filter [7], grey model [8,9], spectral analysis [10,11], chaos theory [12], time-space model [13,14], neural network [15] and SVM [16,17] are widely used in traffic flow prediction.…”