Short-term spatio-temporal changes in urban pollution by means of faecal sterols analysis

González‐Oreja, José Antonio; Sáiz-Salinas, José Ignacio

doi:10.1016/s0025-326x(98)00037-x

Cited by 98 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It is the most abundant sterol in human faeces and, consequently, is frequently used as an urban sewage tracer (DAUGHTON, 2012). GONZÁLEZ-OREJA and SAIZ-SALINAS (1998) have suggested that coprostanol concentrations greater than 0.50 µg g -1 may be used to indicate sewage contamination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated assessment of contaminants and monitoring of an urbanized temperate harbor (Montevideo, Uruguay): a 12-year comparison

et al. 2015

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Integrated assessment of contaminants and monitoring of an urbanized temperate harbor (Montevideo, Uruguay): a 12-year comparisonSituated opposite the Freshwater Front, Montevideo city with its more than 1.5 million inhabitants encircles Montevideo Bay, where one of the most active and polluted harbors in South America is located. Faecal sterols, trace metals, organochlorine compounds and petroleum derivatives in the sediments of Montevideo Harbor were evaluated and their spatial distribution inside the harbor as well as in the input of two main tributary streams analyzed. Specifically for the harbor sites, a temporal comparison of metal and hydrocarbons was made with previous measurements taken 12 years ago. Clear changes were observed at these sites. The concentration of metals such as Pb, Cr and Zn have diminished, while aliphatic hydrocarbons have increased their values at almost all of the stations studied. Differences were observed between summer and winter suggesting sedimentation, input or hydrodynamic changes in the area. These results help one to understand the present situation and develop the management measures needed to improve the environmental quality of the harbor and bay. AbstrAct

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated assessment of contaminants and monitoring of an urbanized temperate harbor (Montevideo, Uruguay): a 12-year comparison

et al. 2015

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“…46 Além disto, em todas as estações as razões coprostanol/colesterol e 5β/(5β+5α) estanol (coprostanol/coprostanol + colestanol) foram inferiores a 1,0 e 0,7 (Tabela 3), o que confirma que a contaminação fecal na Baía de Sepetiba ainda é incipiente. …”

Section: Aporte De Esgotos Domésticosunclassified

Hidrocarbonetos e esterois como indicadores de fontes e destino de matéria orgânica em sedimentos da Baía de Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro

Carreira¹,

Ribeiro²,

Silva³

et al. 2009

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 15/9/08; aceito em 11/3/09; publicado na web em 4/8/09 HYDROCARBONS AND STEROLS AS INDICATORS OF SOURCE AND FATE OF ORGANIC MATTER IN SEDIMENTSFROM SEPETIBA BAY, RIO DE JANEIRO. The inputs of organic matter derived from natural and anthropogenic sources to Sepetiba Bay were investigated by using aliphatic hydrocarbons and sterols in superficial sediments. Concentrations ranged from 0.26 to 2.65 μg g -1 , <0.01 to 17.41 μg g -1 and 0.77 and 9.24 μg g -1 for n-alkanes, UCM (unresolved complex mixture) and total sterols, respectively. The selected markers and ratios among individual compounds showed the major contribution of terrestrial sources to the total pool of sedimentary organic matter in the bay, but the accumulation of autochthonous organic matter increased with distance from the shoreline. The input of petroleum hydrocarbons and sewage (coprostanol in the range 0.01 to 0.43 μg g -1 ) were also detected, especially in the more urbanized regions of the bay, but at lower levels of contamination when compared to estuaries in other Brazilian coastal regions.Keywords: Sepetiba Bay; sediments; organic matter. INTRODUÇÃOA matéria orgânica em sedimentos costeiros tem origem em diversas fontes -terrestres, aquáticas, atmosféricas e antropogênicas, no caso de áreas urbanizadas -que apresentam grande variabilidade espacial e temporal nas suas contribuições relativas.1-3 De acordo com sua origem, a matéria orgânica apresenta reatividades bastante distintas frente aos gradientes significativos nas propriedades físico-químicas, químicas e bióticas dos sistemas aquáticos, particularmente em regiões estuarinas.4,5 A elucidação dos processos que determinam a produção, transporte e acúmulo de matéria orgânica em sistemas aquáticos é fundamental para a compreensão dos ciclos biogeoquí-micos globais, mas ao mesmo tempo representa um dos grandes desafios da geoquímica orgânica em decorrência da multiplicidade dos fatores envolvidos. 4,6 Diversas classes de compostos na fração de lipídios (n-alcanos, ácidos graxos, alcoóis lineares e esteróis, entre outras) são utilizadas na caracterização da matéria orgânica sedimentar devido à boa especificidade em relação à fonte e à maior resistência aos processos de degradação bacteriana, quando comparados com outros grupos de compostos orgânicos, como carboidratos e proteínas. 3,7,8 Os n-alcanos, por exemplo, apresentam diferenças em relação ao tamanho da cadeia de carbono que permitem a identificação de fontes autóctonas e alóc-tonas de matéria orgânica, incluindo a contaminação petrogênica. [9][10][11]

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“…There are many research studies looking at the anthropogenic inputs, assessing the presence of hydrophobic compounds in sediments, such as PAH (Wakeham et al 2004;Froehner et al 2008aFroehner et al , b, 2009Barra et al 2008) and fecal sterols (Mudge and Norris 1997;Mudge and Seguel 1999). However, the exclusive use of coprostanol as an indicator of contamination by sewage cannot be a conclusive indication (Grimalt et al 1990;Gonzales-Oreja and Saiz-Salinas 1998) that there is contamination by domestic sewage, but the use of coprostanol together with the identification of sewage discharge points near where the coprostanol was found could be conclusive for pollution caused by domestic effluents. As we saw here, all stations are near the domestic sewage discharge points (Fig.…”

Section: Lipid Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediments as a potential tool for assessment of sewage pollution in Barigüi River, Brazil

Froehner

Maceno

Martins

2009

Environ Monit Assess

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Sediments constitute a pollutant trap and have proven to be an efficient tool to identify environmental impacts. Sediments are considered a very important means to assess the level of contamination of water bodies because of their ability to accumulate metals and organic. The anthropogenic inputs of sewage, with or without prior treatment, in aquatic environments, affect the geochemical composition of sediment. In addition, the sediment adsorbs hydrophobic compounds found in feces, such as the fecal sterols. The granulometric and geochemical composition of the sediment of Barigüi River-Brazil was investigated. The results show that silt and clay dominate the granulometric composition of the sediments. The geochemical composition of sediments showed high concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen. The Redfield ratios confirm the inputs of phosphorus and nitrogen. The TOC/N ratio was used to identify the source of pollution. N/TP ratios were found between 1.0 and 3.5. Clearly, an input of phosphorus, sewage is the most acceptable source, following the historic profile of the Barigüi River. High concentration of nitrogen phosphorus labels the area to be polluted by sewage. To confirm the sewage pollution, adsorbed fecal sterols in sediments were investigated. The concentration of total sterols was found between 0.86 and 304.58 μg g(-1). Two distinguished scenario was found, one severely polluted and another slightly polluted. The highest concentrations of total fecal sterols were associated with sediment whose geochemical composition showed higher levels of TOC, as well as higher proportions of silt and clay. Also, epicoprostanol, a coprostanol isomer, was used as an indicator of the level of treatment or age of the fecal matter because it is formed during the treatment of wastewater and sludge digestion. If the treatment of sludge takes a long time, epicoprostanol can form from cholesterol, and relative proportions of those compounds may be used as an indicator of the presence of untreated sewage in the sediments. The epicoprostanol was found in the range between 0.02 and 9.71 μg g(-1); concentration of up to 0.015 μg g(-1) represents situations where there is strong contamination by sewage. All sites investigated showed a concentration of epicoprostanol higher than the value adopted as threshold. The lower concentration of epicoprostanol found for all sites is consistent with the high concentration found for coprostanol, and this is typical for untreated sewage.

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Short-term spatio-temporal changes in urban pollution by means of faecal sterols analysis

Cited by 98 publications

References 28 publications

Integrated assessment of contaminants and monitoring of an urbanized temperate harbor (Montevideo, Uruguay): a 12-year comparison

Integrated assessment of contaminants and monitoring of an urbanized temperate harbor (Montevideo, Uruguay): a 12-year comparison

Hidrocarbonetos e esterois como indicadores de fontes e destino de matéria orgânica em sedimentos da Baía de Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro

Sediments as a potential tool for assessment of sewage pollution in Barigüi River, Brazil

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