Short-term responses of soil chemistry, needle macronutrients and tree growth to clinker dust and fertiliser in a stand of Scots pine

Abstract

Waste management of clinker dust by spreading it on forest soil was studied in a 25-year-old Scots pine stand on acidic sandy soil. Clinker dust (0.5 kg m⁻²), fertiliser (N, P, K, Mg, 0.05 kg m⁻²; N 190 kg ha⁻¹) and untreated soil were applied on 120-m² plots in four replicates. The fertiliser was included to confirm the nutrient limitation in the stand. Clinker dust increased the soil pH by 1.2 units relative to the pH of 4.6 in the untreated soil by the second year. Soil K and Mg concentrations were larger in the dust and fertiliser treatments. Nutrient diagnostics indicated that needles of untreated trees were deficient in N and K. Fertiliser treatment indicated that the growth of trees was limited by N, since the fertiliser tended to increase needle K, N, N/P, needle dry mass and diameters of stem and shoots. By an auxiliary dataset, no effects of the dust and fertiliser on possible excess of the micronutrient Mn were observed. Clinker dust increased needle K concentration, but due to the N limitation, there was no increase in the growth of stems, branches, shoots and needles. It was concluded that in plots of 120 m² application of clinker dust at a rate of 0.5 kg m⁻² was safe for the 21-year-old Scots pine stand in this trial on an acid nutrient-poor sandy soil during 4 years after the treatment.

Acceleration of Composting by Addition of Clinker to Tea Leaf Compost

“…While fly ash is effectively used as an additive to cement, clinker is not effectively reused, and there are concerns about socioeconomic and environmental issues if it is disposed of in landfills [31]. The particle surface of clinker is characterized by a porous structure, which has been used for applications in soil to improve its physicochemical properties [32,33], adsorb inorganic N and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in water [34,35], remove pathogenic microorganisms [36], and establish bacteria to restore desertified soil [37]. Clinker has also been used as a secondary material in cattle manure compost to improve drainage and aeration [38].…”