“…Individual theorists (Adler, 1985;Bateman, 2004;Bateman and Tyrer, 2004;Gunderson, 2002Gunderson, , 2004Hellerstein et al, 2004;Herman, 1992;206 Susan A. Lord Leibovich, 1981;Linehan, 1993;Livesley, 2005aLivesley, , 2005bMiller, 1996;Paris, 2005;Russell, 1975;Teicholz and Kriegman, 1998;Winnicott, 1947Winnicott, , 1965 locate the developmental failure in people with a diagnosis of BPD as occurring in the area of relationships. They identify inconsistent parenting that vacillates between smothering and abandonment and offers little in the way of object constancy.…”