Short-Term Outcome of Major Depression: II. Life Events, Family Dysfunction, and Friendship Difficulties as Predictors of Persistent Disorder

Goodyer, Ian; Herbert, J.; Tamplin, Alison; Secher, Sandra M.; Pearson, J

doi:10.1097/00004583-199704000-00009

Cited by 129 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…22 In the present study, lower rank and decreased satisfaction in their peer group were associated with current depression in adolescents, which was consistent with the findings of previous investigations. 24,63,64 This result further supported the notion that the effect of peer characteristics on adolescent depression was independent of family characteristics.…”

Section: Parental Marriage Family Conflict Function and Incomesupporting

confidence: 73%

Depression and its association with self‐esteem, family, peer and school factors in a population of 9586 adolescents in southern Taiwan

Lin

Tang

Yen

et al. 2008

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

134

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Aims:The aim of the present study was to gain insight into the prevalence of depression and its association with self-esteem, family, peer and school factors in a large-scale representative Taiwanese adolescent population.Methods: A total of 12 210 adolescent students were recruited into the present study. Subjects with a score >28 on the Center for Epidemiological Studies' Depression Scale were defined as having significant depression; the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Adolescent Family and Social Life Questionnaire and Family C-APGAR Index were applied to assess subjects' selfesteem, family, peer and school factors. The association between depression and correlates were examined on t-test and c 2 test. The significant factors were further included in logistic regression analysis.Results: Among 9586 participants (response rate: 86.3%), the prevalence of depression was 12.3%. The risk factors associated with depression in univariate analysis included female gender, older age, residency in urban areas, lower self-esteem, disruptive parental marriage, low family income, family conflict, poorer family function, less satisfaction with peer relationships, less connectedness to school, and poor academic performance. After adjusting the effects of sex, age and location, only subjects with lower selfesteem, higher family conflict, poorer family function, lower rank and decreased satisfaction in their peer group, and less connectedness to school were prone to depression on logistic regression. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression is high inTaiwanese adolescents, and the multiple factors of family, peer, school and individuals are associated with adolescent depression. The factors identified in the present study may be helpful when designing and implementing preventive intervention programs.

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Section: Parental Marriage Family Conflict Function and Incomesupporting

confidence: 73%

Depression and its association with self‐esteem, family, peer and school factors in a population of 9586 adolescents in southern Taiwan

Lin

Tang

Yen

et al. 2008

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

134

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“…Adverse life events and the impact of these events on emotional well-being were assessed with the Life Events Rating Scale which assesses adverse events at two time points; first, at a distant time point that includes childhood adversity and second, events experienced in the past year (Goodyer et al 1997). We assessed the quality of perceived parenting style for the first 16 years of life with the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), obtaining both maternal and paternal PBI scores (Parker, 1979).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and functional imaging of the hippocampus in young people at familial risk of depression

et al. 2014

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Background. Major depression is associated with abnormalities in the function and structure of the hippocampus. However, it is unclear whether these abnormalities might also be present in people 'at risk' of illness.Method. We studied 62 young people (mean age 18.8 years) at familial risk of depression (FH+) but who had never been depressed themselves. Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging to assess hippocampal structure and neural responses to a task designed to activate hippocampal memory networks. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure levels of a combination of glutamine and glutamate (Glx) in the right hippocampus. A total of 59 matched controls with no history of mood disorder in a first-degree relative underwent the same investigations.Results. Hippocampal volume did not differ between FH+ participants and controls; however, relative to controls, during the memory task, FH+ participants showed increased activation in brain regions encompassing the insular cortices, putamen and pallidum as well as the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). FH+ participants also had increased hippocampal levels of Glx.Conclusions. Euthymic individuals with a parental history of depression demonstrate increased activation of hippocampal-related neural networks during a memory task, particularly in brain regions involved in processing the salience of stimuli. Changes in the activity of the ACC replicate previous findings in FH+ participants using different psychological tasks; this suggests that task-related abnormalities in the ACC may be a marker of vulnerability to depression. Increased levels of Glx in the hippocampus might also represent a risk biomarker but follow-up studies will be required to test these various possibilities.

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“…high levels of mood-related ruminative style). 28,29,84,85,86 The findings highlight the poor precision of current clinical measurement tools for determining sensitivity and response to treatment. This is a serious defect for both the clinical scientific study of depression and the planning of services.…”

Section: Chaptermentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy in adolescents with major depression treated by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The ADAPT trial

Goodyer¹,

Dubicka²,

Wilkinson³

et al. 2008

Health Technol Assess

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Short-Term Outcome of Major Depression: II. Life Events, Family Dysfunction, and Friendship Difficulties as Predictors of Persistent Disorder

Cited by 129 publications

References 27 publications

Depression and its association with self‐esteem, family, peer and school factors in a population of 9586 adolescents in southern Taiwan

Depression and its association with self‐esteem, family, peer and school factors in a population of 9586 adolescents in southern Taiwan

Structural and functional imaging of the hippocampus in young people at familial risk of depression

A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy in adolescents with major depression treated by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The ADAPT trial

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