Short-term neuropsychological recovery in alcohol use disorder: A retrospective clinical study

Maillard, Angéline; Poussier, Hélène; Boudehent, Céline; Lannuzel, Coralie; Vicente, Á. de; Vabret, François; Cabé, Nicolas; Pitel, Anne‐Lise

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106350

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…They recommend prioritising the neurobiology of recovery rather than the neurobiology of addiction. Many studies have found that after long periods of consumption, when abstinence has been established for a few months, there is a structural and functional recovery (Bartsch et al, 2007;Darke, Mc-Donald, Kaye, & Torok, 2012;Maillard et al, 2020;Parvaz et al, 2017). Some studies observed that specific differences persisted after long periods of abstinence (Tanabe et al, 2009), but are they consequences of addiction or are they preconditions that explain a vulnerability that favoured its establishment?…”

Section: Neuropsychology As An Alternative To the Reductionist Bdmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding addiction from a neuropsychological perspective

2022

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The conception of addiction as a chronic brain disease has become prevalent promoting the idea that a person with an addictive disorder undergoes changes in the structure and functioning of his or her brain. Unfortunately, when these brain changes occur, the individual loses selfcontrol over his/her behavior. From this biomedical model of addiction, people who abuse drugs are considered sick promoting their medical care and social consideration. Moreover, from this idea of addiction as a brain disease, the individual is more likely to externalize the reasons for relapses or dropouts during treatment showing little involvement in rehabilitation. Due to these assumptions, in recent years there has been a proliferation of studies questioning this model from methodological, ethical and sociological perspectives. Therefore, in this review we will highlight the idea that not everything is in the brain and that we must consider the interrelationship between the brain and the environment to provide a broader and more comprehensive understanding of addiction. To this end, we propose that neuropsychology and its study of cognitive processes is the best way to understand both the onset and the course of addictive disorders.

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Section: Neuropsychology As An Alternative To the Reductionist Bdmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding addiction from a neuropsychological perspective

2022

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“…Así, Erickson y White (2009) han propuesto centrar los esfuerzos en la comprensión de las vías por las que un cerebro adicto puede dejar de serlo, más que en la comprensión de las diferencias neurobiológicas encontradas en los cerebros de estas personas. De este modo, muchos estudios han constatado que, tras largos periodos de consumo, cuando la abstinencia se ha establecido durante unos meses, se produce una recuperación estructural y funcional a nivel cerebral (Bartsch et al, 2007;Darke, McDonald, Kaye y Torok, 2012;Maillard et al, 2020;Parvaz et al, 2017). No obstante, algunos estudios observaron también que ciertas diferencias específicas persistían tras largos periodos de abstinencia (Tanabe et al, 2009), pero ¿son consecuencias de la adicción o son condiciones previas que explican una vulnerabilidad que favoreció su establecimiento?…”

Section: Neuropsicología Como Alternativa a Un Modelo Médico Reduccio...unclassified

Comprendiendo la adicción desde una perspectiva neuropsicológica

2022

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La concepción de la adicción como una enfermedad crónica con base cerebral se ha hecho predominante en los últimos años. Desde ella, se promueve la idea de que una persona con un trastorno adictivo sufre cambios en la estructura y el funcionamiento de su cerebro haciendo que pierda el autocontrol sobre su comportamiento. Además, desde este modelo biomédico, las personas que abusan de las drogas son consideradas enfermas promoviendo su atención médica y su consideración social siendo así, el individuo más propenso a externalizar los motivos de las recaídas y de los abandonos y mostrando menos implicación en su rehabilitación. Debido a estas asunciones, en los últimos años han proliferado los estudios que cuestionan este modelo desde el ámbito metodológico, ético y sociológico. Por ello, en esta revisión pondremos en duda esta perspectiva reduccionista destacando la necesidad de considerar la interrelación entre el cerebro y el entorno para proporcionar una comprensión más amplia e integral de la adicción. Para ello, proponemos que la neuropsicología y su estudio de los procesos cognitivos es la mejor manera de entender tanto el inicio como el curso de los trastornos adictivos.

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“…In the general population, alcohol use disorder is the strongest modifiable risk factor for dementia onset and the primary risk factor for early dementia (Schwarzinger et al, 2018). The development of intensive cognitive rehabilitation therapy with prolonged abstinence has been demonstrated to significantly improve alcohol-related cognitive impairments (ARCI) in non-amnesic and non-demented patients (Rupp et al, 2012;Bates et al, 2013;Maillard et al, 2020). Severe ARCI (formerly labeled "alcoholic dementia") and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome have been initially described as an acquired irreversible condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patients With Severe Alcohol-Related Cognitive Impairment Improve in Flexibility When Abstinence Is Maintained: A Comparative Study With Alzheimer’s Disease

Clergue‐Duval¹,

Barré²,

Cognat³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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The disease progression of severe alcohol-related cognitive impairment (ARCI) is debated. The aim of this study was to compare the cognitive change of patients with severe ARCI in inpatient setting to that of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Fifteen consecutive patients with severe ARCI were recruited between 2013 and 2015. They received inpatient detoxification, neurological assessment, and inpatient cognitive rehabilitation in specialized facilities. Twelve patients, with documented AD matched on sex and initial cognitive impairment severity, were selected. All have benefited from two neuropsychological assessments. The neurocognitive change was tested in both groups with pair-wised Wilcoxon tests. ARCI and AD patients’ time course was compared with Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test. In ARCI group, first assessment occurred at 2.9 (± 2.2) months of abstinence and follow-up 6.5 (± 2.9) months later, the mean age was 56.5 (± 7.4) years, and 12 were men. In AD group, follow-up occurred at 12.8 (± 2.9) months (p < 10–3), the mean age was 72.3 (± 8.4) years (p < 10–3), and 10 were men. ARCI patients significantly improved on one executive function test (TMT-B; p < 0.05), while AD patients have worsened memory subtests on Free-and-Cued-Selective-Reminding Test (p < 0.05). These tests showed a statistically different change between severe ARCI and AD group (p < 0.05). Severe ARCI patients have improved in executive functioning, discernible on the TMT-B test, in specific care setting, including abstinence maintenance and rehabilitation. The disease progression was different from that observed in AD patients.

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Short-term neuropsychological recovery in alcohol use disorder: A retrospective clinical study

Cited by 20 publications

References 49 publications

Understanding addiction from a neuropsychological perspective

Understanding addiction from a neuropsychological perspective

Comprendiendo la adicción desde una perspectiva neuropsicológica

Patients With Severe Alcohol-Related Cognitive Impairment Improve in Flexibility When Abstinence Is Maintained: A Comparative Study With Alzheimer’s Disease

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