Short-term natural weathering of MSWI bottom ash as a function of particle size

Chimenos, J.M.; Fernández, A. Inés; Miralles, L.; Segarra, M.; Espiell, F.

doi:10.1016/s0956-053x(03)00074-6

Cited by 119 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The chlorides trend, as expected, decreases for the open air heap, while it remains steady for the second heap, which was not exposed to rain. The decreasing trend of the calcium and the increasing trend of the carbonates confirm the presence of carbonation phenomenon [9] . The trends are similar for the two heaps, but the lower values that are registered at 76 and 110 days for the open air heap could be an index of soluble carbonates washing and/or of a lower capacity of CO 2 .…”

Section: Weathered Bottom Ash: Insupporting

confidence: 52%

“…One-to-three months' exposure to natural weathering is enough to reduce the release of heavy metals from BA [7][8][9] . The principal modification processes that have been reported during weathering are: Hydrolysis of oxides (Ca, Na, K, Al, Fe); precipitation and dissolution of the hydroxides and salts of these main cations; carbonation; neoformation of clay like minerals from glass [9][10][11] . Carbonation involves the absorption of atmospheric CO 2 by the initially alkaline BA, with the consequence of a pH decrease and Calcite precipitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Full Scale Tests of Short-Term Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash Weathering Before Landfill Disposal

Marchese¹

2009

American Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Problem statement: Natural weathering is the most economic method of treatment in order to reduce the release of heavy metals present in the residue. Approach: The aim of the study was to optimize the minimum weathering times that were useful to reduce the lead release to within the Italian limits for landfill disposal. The mechanism of short-term weathering of MSWI bottom ash had been studied and its effect on the leaching of lead had been evaluated. Two bottom ash heaps had been realized for the experimental assessment: In one case an open-air situation was used, in the other, a heap placed under shelter was not exposed to rain. Results: The weathering course was monitored through the results of a leaching test that was carried out at different ageing times (EN 12457-2:2002). The total carbonates were also measured, at the same time, on the fine fraction of the weathered bottom ash (<1 mm). A fast decrease in lead release was observed in the analysis of the leachates and, at the same time, a decrease in pH and calcium concentration. The pH and leachate lead concentration control mechanisms were investigated and individuated. It had been possible to observe that the lead concentration was fundamentally a function of the pH. The Calcite precipitation that occurred from calcium hydroxide carbonation was the main reason for the decrease above all during the first days of the process, when the maximum quantity of CO 2 was fixed by air. The pH value was controlled by Portlandite dissolution only at the beginning, after the pH control seems to be due to aluminum hydroxides. Conclusion: The most significant changes in the bottom ash were found to occur in the first 60 days. It had been possible to verify the limited influence of washing phenomena while it was confirmed that carbonation was the most important process in short-term weathering and that it had an important rule on limiting lead release.

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Section: Weathered Bottom Ash: Insupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full Scale Tests of Short-Term Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash Weathering Before Landfill Disposal

Marchese¹

2009

American Journal of Environmental Sciences

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“…The former (BA) is classified as non-hazardous waste by the European Waste Catalogue and Catalan legislation, as it is typically rich in calcium oxide and silica with minimum amounts of heavy metals. Consequently, it is available to be reused as secondary building material (Chimenos et al, 2003;Fernández Bertos et al, 2003;Polettini et al, 2001). On the other hand, APC fly ash is classified as hazardous waste, owing to its high contents of heavy metals, soluble salts, chlorinated organic compounds, and lime from the air pollution treatment process (Polettini et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregate material formulated with MSWI bottom ash and APC fly ash for use as secondary building material

et al. 2013

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The main goal of this paper is to obtain a granular material formulated with Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) bottom ash (BA) and air pollution control (APC) fly ash to be used as secondary building material. Previously, an optimum concrete mixture using both MSWI residues as aggregates was formulated. A compromise between the environmental behaviour and the economy of the process was considered. Unconfined compressive strength and abrasion resistance values were measured in order to evaluate the mechanical properties. From these results, the granular mixture was not suited for certain applications owing to the high BA/APC fly ash content and low cement percentages used to reduce the costs of the final product.Nevertheless, the leaching test performed showed that the concentrations of all heavy metals were below the limits established by the current Catalan legislation for their reutilization. Therefore, the material studied might be mainly used in embankments, where high mechanical properties are not needed and environmental safety is assured.

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“…Primary constituents of the ashes are oxides of Si (SiO 2 ), Al (Al 2 O 3 ), Fe (Fe 2 O 3 ), Ca (CaO), Mg (MgO), Na (Na 2 O), K (K 2 O), and Ti (TiO 2 ) [6][7][8]. Ashes also contain significant amounts of elements with toxic characters such as As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ultrasound-assisted digestion method for the determination of toxic element concentrations in ash samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Ilander¹,

Väisänen²

2007

Analytica Chimica Acta

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A method of ultrasound-assisted digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) used for the determination of toxic element concentrations (arsenic, barium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, strontium, vanadium and zinc) in ash samples was developed. All the measurements were performed in robust plasma conditions which were tested by measuring the Mg II 280.270 nm / Mg I 285.213 nm line intensity ratios. The highest line intensity ratios were observed when a nebulizer gas flow of 0.6 L min -1 , auxiliary gas flow of 0.2 L min -1 and plasma power of 1400 W were used for radially viewed plasma.The analysis of SRM 1633b showed that the ultrasound-assisted method developed is highly comparable with the microwave digestion method standardized by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA-3052). The ultrasound-assisted digestion with a digestion solution of aqua regia and hydro fluoric acid (HF) resulted in recovery rates of over 81 %. One exception is arsenic which resulted in recoveries of about 60 % only; however, it could be digested with good recovery (> 90 %) using a digestion solution of 5 mL of water and 5 mL of aqua regia. The major advantage of the ultrasound-assisted digestion over microwave digestion is the high treatment rate (30 samples simultaneously with a sonication time of 18 min).

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Short-term natural weathering of MSWI bottom ash as a function of particle size

Cited by 119 publications

References 16 publications

Full Scale Tests of Short-Term Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash Weathering Before Landfill Disposal

Full Scale Tests of Short-Term Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash Weathering Before Landfill Disposal

Aggregate material formulated with MSWI bottom ash and APC fly ash for use as secondary building material

An ultrasound-assisted digestion method for the determination of toxic element concentrations in ash samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

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